Jan Kremers1, Avinash J Aher2, Neil R A Parry3, Nimesh B Patel4, Laura J Frishman4. 1. Section for Retinal Physiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: Jan.kremers@uk-erlangen.de. 2. Section for Retinal Physiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. 3. Vision Science Centre, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK. 4. Department of Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The macaque retina is often used as a model for the human retina. However, there are only a handful of direct in vivo comparisons of the retinal physiology in humans and macaques. In the current study, ERG responses to luminance, L-cone isolating and M-cone isolating stimuli with sinusoidal, sawtooth and square wave temporal profiles were measured. The results were compared with those obtained from human observers. METHODS: The responses from five anesthetized adult macaques were measured. Full field stimuli were created. L- and M-cone isolating stimuli were based on the triple silent substitution technique. Sinusoidal stimuli had temporal frequencies between 4 and 56 Hz in 4 Hz steps. Sawtooth stimuli with rapid-on ramp-off and with rapid-off ramp-on excitation profiles had a frequency of 4 Hz. Square stimuli were presented at 2 Hz. RESULTS: Macaque and human ERGs in response to L- and M-cone isolating stimuli reflect L/M opponency and luminance activity. In responses to sine waves, cone opponency dominates at low temporal frequencies (4-12 Hz); luminance dominates at high temporal frequencies. The responses to sawtooth and square wave stimuli reflect a mixture of chromatic and luminance activity. L:M response ratios vary between individuals both in macaques and humans. Macaques show more complex responses, including greater second harmonic contributions than those in humans. CONCLUSIONS: Macaque and human ERGs share basic underlying mechanisms reflecting L/M opponency and luminance activity. There may be quantitative differences possibly reflecting differences in contributions of inner retinal mechanisms to the ERGs.
PURPOSE: The macaque retina is often used as a model for the human retina. However, there are only a handful of direct in vivo comparisons of the retinal physiology in humans and macaques. In the current study, ERG responses to luminance, L-cone isolating and M-cone isolating stimuli with sinusoidal, sawtooth and square wave temporal profiles were measured. The results were compared with those obtained from human observers. METHODS: The responses from five anesthetized adult macaques were measured. Full field stimuli were created. L- and M-cone isolating stimuli were based on the triple silent substitution technique. Sinusoidal stimuli had temporal frequencies between 4 and 56 Hz in 4 Hz steps. Sawtooth stimuli with rapid-on ramp-off and with rapid-off ramp-on excitation profiles had a frequency of 4 Hz. Square stimuli were presented at 2 Hz. RESULTS: Macaque and human ERGs in response to L- and M-cone isolating stimuli reflect L/M opponency and luminance activity. In responses to sine waves, cone opponency dominates at low temporal frequencies (4-12 Hz); luminance dominates at high temporal frequencies. The responses to sawtooth and square wave stimuli reflect a mixture of chromatic and luminance activity. L:M response ratios vary between individuals both in macaques and humans. Macaques show more complex responses, including greater second harmonic contributions than those in humans. CONCLUSIONS: Macaque and human ERGs share basic underlying mechanisms reflecting L/M opponency and luminance activity. There may be quantitative differences possibly reflecting differences in contributions of inner retinal mechanisms to the ERGs.
Authors: D H Brainard; A Roorda; Y Yamauchi; J B Calderone; A Metha; M Neitz; J Neitz; D R Williams; G H Jacobs Journal: J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis Date: 2000-03 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Cristiane Maria Gomes Martins; Tina Tsai; Mirella Telles Salgueiro Barboni; Marcelo Fernandes da Costa; Balázs Nagy; Dora Fix Ventura; Jan Kremers Journal: J Vis Date: 2016-06-01 Impact factor: 2.240
Authors: Avinash J Aher; Declan J McKeefry; Neil R A Parry; John Maguire; I J Murray; Tina I Tsai; Cord Huchzermeyer; Jan Kremers Journal: Doc Ophthalmol Date: 2017-11-13 Impact factor: 2.379