Commercial Production of Astaxanthin from the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis.

This is an overview of the potential of Haematococcus pluvialis for use in the commercial production of natural astaxanthin, along with a survey of mass culture methods that utilize the characteristics of H. pluvialis. The latest advancements in cultivation methods that incorporate new technologies, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), are outlined. Furthermore, the differences in culture conditions that may affect the product quality required to meet the standards for its use as a health supplement ingredient are discussed. Additionally, insights are provided on some of the current avenues of research and the future of astaxanthin cultivation.