Hang Jin Jo1,2,3, Michael S A Richardson1, Martin Oudega1,2,3,4,5,6, Monica A Perez1,2,3. 1. Edward Jr. Hines VA Medical Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. 2. Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. 3. Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. 4. Departments of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. 5. Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. 6. Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on a relatively new neuromodulation method where transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex is paired with transcutaneous electrical stimulation over a peripheral nerve to induce plasticity at corticospinal-motoneuronal synapses. RECENT FINDINGS: Recovery of sensorimotor function after spinal cord injury largely depends on transmission in the corticospinal pathway. Significantly damaged corticospinal axons fail to regenerate and participate in functional recovery. Transmission in residual corticospinal axons can be assessed using non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation which combined with transcutaneous electrical stimulation can be used to improve voluntary motor output, as was recently demonstrated in clinical studies in humans with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. These two stimuli are applied at precise inter-stimulus intervals to reinforce corticospinal synaptic transmission using principles of spike-timing dependent plasticity. SUMMARY: We discuss the neural mechanisms and application of this neuromodulation technique and its potential therapeutic effect on recovery of function in humans with chronic spinal cord injury.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on a relatively new neuromodulation method where transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex is paired with transcutaneous electrical stimulation over a peripheral nerve to induce plasticity at corticospinal-motoneuronal synapses. RECENT FINDINGS: Recovery of sensorimotor function after spinal cord injury largely depends on transmission in the corticospinal pathway. Significantly damaged corticospinal axons fail to regenerate and participate in functional recovery. Transmission in residual corticospinal axons can be assessed using non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation which combined with transcutaneous electrical stimulation can be used to improve voluntary motor output, as was recently demonstrated in clinical studies in humans with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. These two stimuli are applied at precise inter-stimulus intervals to reinforce corticospinal synaptic transmission using principles of spike-timing dependent plasticity. SUMMARY: We discuss the neural mechanisms and application of this neuromodulation technique and its potential therapeutic effect on recovery of function in humans with chronic spinal cord injury.
Entities:
Keywords:
non-invasive brain stimulation; physiology of magnetic stimulation; rehabilitation; spinal cord injury; spinal plasticity
Authors: Grégoire Courtine; Yury Gerasimenko; Rubia van den Brand; Aileen Yew; Pavel Musienko; Hui Zhong; Bingbing Song; Yan Ao; Ronaldo M Ichiyama; Igor Lavrov; Roland R Roy; Michael V Sofroniew; V Reggie Edgerton Journal: Nat Neurosci Date: 2009-09-20 Impact factor: 24.884
Authors: Dimitry G Sayenko; Mrinal Rath; Adam R Ferguson; Joel W Burdick; Leif A Havton; V Reggie Edgerton; Yury P Gerasimenko Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2018-12-15 Impact factor: 5.269