Quantitative neuroanatomy in schizophrenia. A controlled magnetic resonance imaging study.

Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia and 14 normal control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans using a 0.5-tesla scanner and 600-ms inversion recovery technique. A midsagittal section and twelve 1-cm coronal sections beginning at the frontal pole were obtained, and linear, area, and signal intensity measurements were made on nine brain regions. Volume estimates were made by summing consecutive sections for four of the following regions: the precallosal frontal lobes, temporal lobes, lateral ventricles, amygdala-hippocampal complexes, and cerebral hemispheres. The area of the third ventricle in its most anterior coronal slice was increased by 73% in schizophrenic subjects (0.83 +/- 0.08 cm2) in comparison with controls (0.48 +/- 0.04 cm2). Lateral ventricular volume was increased by 62% in schizophrenic subjects (24.7 +/- 2.6 mL) in comparison with controls (15.2 +/- 1.4 mL). The lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenic subjects was more pronounced posteriorly than anteriorly, especially at the level of the anterior thalamus and the colliculi. There were no other significant differences between schizophrenic and control groups in any other spatial or signal intensity measures. There was no brain region the size of which correlated with ventricular size. These data corroborate third and lateral ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia using magnetic resonance imaging but fail to further localize the structural abnormality.