BACKGROUND: Many factors have been identified which can predict severe outcomes and mortality in hospitalized patients of COVID-19. This study was conducted with the objective of finding out the association of various clinical and laboratory parameters as used by International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) World Health Organization (WHO)- ISARIC/WHO 4C Mortality score in predicting high risk patients of COVID-19. Ascertaining the parameters would help in triage of patients of severe disease at the outset, and shall prove beneficial in improving the standard of care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in COVID-19 Department of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. All COVID-19 patients admitted from 15th April to 15th July 2020 were included. RESULTS: A total of 347 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 56.46±15.44 years. Male patients were 225 (65%) and female 122 (35%). Diabetes (36%) was the most common co-morbidity, followed by hypertension (30.8%). Two hundred & six (63.8%) patients recovered and 117 (36.2%) patients died. Shortness of breath (80%), fever (79%) and cough (65%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Patients admitted with a 4C Mortality score of 0-3 (Low Risk Category), the patients who recovered were 36 (90%) and those who died were 4 (10.0%). In patients admitted with a 4C Mortality score of more than 14 (Very High-Risk Category), the number of patients who recovered was 1 (20%), and those who died were 4 (80%). The difference in mortality among the categories was statistically significant (p<0.001). Hypertension was a risk factor for death in patients of COVID-19 (Odds ratio=1.24, 95% CI [0.76-2.01]). Lymphopenia was not associated with statistically significant increased risk for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The ISARIC 4C mortality score can be used for stratifying and predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients on arrival in hospital. We propose that it should be used in every patient of COVID-19 presenting to the hospital. Those falling in Low and Intermediate Risk Category should be managed in ward level. Those falling in High and Very High Category should be admitted in HDU/ICU with aggressive treatment from the start.
BACKGROUND: Many factors have been identified which can predict severe outcomes and mortality in hospitalized patients of COVID-19. This study was conducted with the objective of finding out the association of various clinical and laboratory parameters as used by International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) World Health Organization (WHO)- ISARIC/WHO 4C Mortality score in predicting high risk patients of COVID-19. Ascertaining the parameters would help in triage of patients of severe disease at the outset, and shall prove beneficial in improving the standard of care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in COVID-19 Department of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. All COVID-19 patients admitted from 15th April to 15th July 2020 were included. RESULTS: A total of 347 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 56.46±15.44 years. Male patients were 225 (65%) and female 122 (35%). Diabetes (36%) was the most common co-morbidity, followed by hypertension (30.8%). Two hundred & six (63.8%) patients recovered and 117 (36.2%) patients died. Shortness of breath (80%), fever (79%) and cough (65%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Patients admitted with a 4C Mortality score of 0-3 (Low Risk Category), the patients who recovered were 36 (90%) and those who died were 4 (10.0%). In patients admitted with a 4C Mortality score of more than 14 (Very High-Risk Category), the number of patients who recovered was 1 (20%), and those who died were 4 (80%). The difference in mortality among the categories was statistically significant (p<0.001). Hypertension was a risk factor for death in patients of COVID-19 (Odds ratio=1.24, 95% CI [0.76-2.01]). Lymphopenia was not associated with statistically significant increased risk for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The ISARIC 4C mortality score can be used for stratifying and predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients on arrival in hospital. We propose that it should be used in every patient of COVID-19 presenting to the hospital. Those falling in Low and Intermediate Risk Category should be managed in ward level. Those falling in High and Very High Category should be admitted in HDU/ICU with aggressive treatment from the start.
Authors: Nicolás Munera; Esteban Garcia-Gallo; Álvaro Gonzalez; José Zea; Yuli V Fuentes; Cristian Serrano; Alejandra Ruiz-Cuartas; Alejandro Rodriguez; Luis F Reyes Journal: ERJ Open Res Date: 2022-06-27
Authors: Stephen R Knight; Rishi K Gupta; Antonia Ho; Riinu Pius; Iain Buchan; Gail Carson; Thomas M Drake; Jake Dunning; Cameron J Fairfield; Carrol Gamble; Christopher A Green; Sophie Halpin; Hayley E Hardwick; Karl A Holden; Peter W Horby; Clare Jackson; Kenneth A Mclean; Laura Merson; Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam; Lisa Norman; Piero L Olliaro; Mark G Pritchard; Clark D Russell; Catherine A Shaw; Aziz Sheikh; Tom Solomon; Cathie Sudlow; Olivia V Swann; Lance C W Turtle; Peter J M Openshaw; J Kenneth Baillie; Annemarie Docherty; Malcolm G Semple; Mahdad Noursadeghi; Ewen M Harrison Journal: Thorax Date: 2021-11-22 Impact factor: 9.102
Authors: Thomas Linden; Frank Hanses; Daniel Domingo-Fernández; Lauren Nicole DeLong; Alpha Tom Kodamullil; Jochen Schneider; Maria J G T Vehreschild; Julia Lanznaster; Maria Madeleine Ruethrich; Stefan Borgmann; Martin Hower; Kai Wille; Torsten Feldt; Siegbert Rieg; Bernd Hertenstein; Christoph Wyen; Christoph Roemmele; Jörg Janne Vehreschild; Carolin E M Jakob; Melanie Stecher; Maria Kuzikov; Andrea Zaliani; Holger Fröhlich Journal: Artif Intell Life Sci Date: 2021-12-17
Authors: Waleed Tharwat Aletreby; Shahzad Ahmad Mumtaz; Saima Akhtar Shahzad; Intekhab Ahmed; Mohammed Ali Alodat; Mohamed Gharba; Zohdi Ahmed Farea; Ahmed Fouad Mady; Waqas Mahmood; Huda Mhawish; Majd Munia Abdulmowla; Rehab Mohammed Nasser Journal: Saudi J Med Med Sci Date: 2022-01-12
Authors: Esteban Garcia-Gallo; Laura Merson; Kalynn Kennon; Sadie Kelly; Barbara Wanjiru Citarella; Daniel Vidali Fryer; Sally Shrapnel; James Lee; Sara Duque; Yuli V Fuentes; Valeria Balan; Sue Smith; Jia Wei; Bronner P Gonçalves; Clark D Russell; Louise Sigfrid; Andrew Dagens; Piero L Olliaro; Joaquin Baruch; Christiana Kartsonaki; Jake Dunning; Amanda Rojek; Aasiyah Rashan; Abi Beane; Srinivas Murthy; Luis Felipe Reyes Journal: Sci Data Date: 2022-07-30 Impact factor: 8.501