Kai Xiong Cheong1, Veluchamy Amutha Barathi1,2,3, Kelvin Yi Chong Teo1, Usha Chakravarthy4, Sai Bo Bo Tun1, Joanna Marie Busoy1, Candice Ee Hua Ho1, Rupesh Agrawal1,2,5,6, Kanji Takahashi7, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung1,2. 1. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. 2. Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 4. School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom. 5. National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 6. Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the tomographic, angiographic, and histologic changes in the choroid and retina of cynomolgus monkeys after systemic adrenaline and verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT). Methods: Six cynomolgus monkeys (12 eyes) were treated with vPDT only (n = 2), adrenaline only for eight weeks (n = 2), adrenaline for eight weeks with vPDT at week 4 (n = 4), and adrenaline for 12 weeks and vPDT at week 8 (n = 4). Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, angiography, and autofluorescence were performed at baseline and every 14 days thereafter until 28 days after adrenaline therapy or vPDT. Choroid parameters included choroidal thickness (CT) changes and structural changes using semiautomated image binarization. Histology with light and electron microscopy was performed. Results: Adrenaline resulted in subfoveal CT increase at week 4 compared with baseline (3.4%, P = 0.010), with further increase at week 8 (3.9%, P = 0.007). This correlated with choroidal luminal area increase (16.0% at week 8 compared with baseline, P = 0.030). Outer retinal changes included subretinal fluid, ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, photoreceptor elongation, and sub/intraretinal bright dots. Hypocyanescent spots surrounded by leakage was observed. Histology showed dilated choroidal vessels, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) enlarged basal infoldings. The vPDT decreased subfoveal CT at four weeks after vPDT (-7.5%, P = 0.007). This correlated with choroidal stromal area decrease (-18.0%, P < 0.010). Within the treatment spot, there was outer retinal atrophy, EZ disruption, irregular RPE thickening, intense hypoautofluorescence, hyperfluorescence, and hypocyanescence. On histology, there were outer retina, RPE, and choroid changes. Conclusions: Adrenaline induces choroidal vessel dilation and CT increase. The vPDT decreases CT because of a reduction in choroidal stromal component.
Purpose: To determine the tomographic, angiographic, and histologic changes in the choroid and retina of cynomolgus monkeys after systemic adrenaline and verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT). Methods: Six cynomolgus monkeys (12 eyes) were treated with vPDT only (n = 2), adrenaline only for eight weeks (n = 2), adrenaline for eight weeks with vPDT at week 4 (n = 4), and adrenaline for 12 weeks and vPDT at week 8 (n = 4). Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, angiography, and autofluorescence were performed at baseline and every 14 days thereafter until 28 days after adrenaline therapy or vPDT. Choroid parameters included choroidal thickness (CT) changes and structural changes using semiautomated image binarization. Histology with light and electron microscopy was performed. Results:Adrenaline resulted in subfoveal CT increase at week 4 compared with baseline (3.4%, P = 0.010), with further increase at week 8 (3.9%, P = 0.007). This correlated with choroidal luminal area increase (16.0% at week 8 compared with baseline, P = 0.030). Outer retinal changes included subretinal fluid, ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, photoreceptor elongation, and sub/intraretinal bright dots. Hypocyanescent spots surrounded by leakage was observed. Histology showed dilated choroidal vessels, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) enlarged basal infoldings. The vPDT decreased subfoveal CT at four weeks after vPDT (-7.5%, P = 0.007). This correlated with choroidal stromal area decrease (-18.0%, P < 0.010). Within the treatment spot, there was outer retinal atrophy, EZ disruption, irregular RPE thickening, intense hypoautofluorescence, hyperfluorescence, and hypocyanescence. On histology, there were outer retina, RPE, and choroid changes. Conclusions: Adrenaline induces choroidal vessel dilation and CT increase. The vPDT decreases CT because of a reduction in choroidal stromal component.
Authors: Peter M Maloca; Christine Seeger; Helen Booler; Philippe Valmaggia; Ken Kawamoto; Qayim Kaba; Nadja Inglin; Konstantinos Balaskas; Catherine Egan; Adnan Tufail; Hendrik P N Scholl; Pascal W Hasler; Nora Denk Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-10-19 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Daniel Souza Monteiro de Araújo; Rafael Brito; Danniel Pereira-Figueiredo; Alexandre Dos Santos-Rodrigues; Francesco De Logu; Romina Nassini; Andrea Zin; Karin C Calaza Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2022-07-25 Impact factor: 6.208
Authors: Peter M Maloca; Philippe Valmaggia; Theresa Hartmann; Marlene Juedes; Pascal W Hasler; Hendrik P N Scholl; Nora Denk Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-09-23 Impact factor: 3.752