Syahrul Syahrul1,2, Helnida Anggun Maliga3, Muhammad Ilmawan3, Marhami Fahriani4, Sukamto S Mamada5, Jonny Karunia Fajar3,6, Andri Frediansyah7, Faza Nabila Syahrul1, Imran Imran1,2, Salim Haris8, Aldy Safruddin Rambe9, Talha Bin Emran10, Ali A Rabaan11, Ruchi Tiwari12, Kuldeep Dhama13, Firzan Nainu5, Endang Mutiawati1,2, Harapan Harapan4,14,15. 1. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia. 2. Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia. 3. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65117, Indonesia. 4. Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia. 5. Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia. 6. Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia. 7. Research Division for Natural Product Technology (BPTBA), Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Wonosari, 55861, Indonesia. 8. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia. 9. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra, 20155, Indonesia. 10. Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh. 11. Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia. 12. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281 001, India. 13. Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India. 14. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia. 15. Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Abstract
Background: In this study, we aimed to determine the global prevalence, chronological order of symptom appearance, and mortality rates with regard to hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to discuss possible pathogeneses of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in individuals with the disease. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published up to November 8, 2020. Data regarding study characteristics, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and COVID-19 were retrieved in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the eligible studies. The pooled prevalence and mortality rate of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were calculated. Results: The pooled estimate of prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.46% (95% CI 0.40%-0.53%; I 2 =89.81%) among 67,155 COVID-19 patients and that of ischemic stroke was 1.11% (95% CI 1.03%-1.22%; I 2 =94.07%) among 58,104 COVID-19 patients. Ischemic stroke was more predominant (incidence: 71.58%) than hemorrhagic stroke (incidence: 28.42%) in COVID-19 patients who experienced a stroke. In COVID-19 patients who experienced a stroke, hospital admission with respiratory symptoms was more commonly reported than that with neurological symptoms (20.83% for hemorrhagic stroke and 5.51% for ischemic stroke versus 6.94% for hemorrhagic stroke and 5.33% for ischemic stroke, respectively). The pooled mortality rate of COVID-19 patients who experienced a hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke was 44.72% (95% CI 36.73%-52.98%) and 36.23% (95% CI 30.63%-42.24%), respectively. Conclusions: Although the occurrence of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke is low, the mortality rates of both stroke types in patients with COVID-19 are concerning, and therefore, despite several potential pathogeneses that have been proposed, studies aimed at definitively elucidating the mechanisms of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in individuals with COVID-19 are warranted. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020224470 (04/12/20). Copyright:
Background: In this study, we aimed to determine the global prevalence, chronological order of symptom appearance, and mortality rates with regard to hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to discuss possible pathogeneses of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in individuals with the disease. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published up to November 8, 2020. Data regarding study characteristics, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and COVID-19 were retrieved in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the eligible studies. The pooled prevalence and mortality rate of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were calculated. Results: The pooled estimate of prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.46% (95% CI 0.40%-0.53%; I 2 =89.81%) among 67,155 COVID-19patients and that of ischemic stroke was 1.11% (95% CI 1.03%-1.22%; I 2 =94.07%) among 58,104 COVID-19patients. Ischemic stroke was more predominant (incidence: 71.58%) than hemorrhagic stroke (incidence: 28.42%) in COVID-19patients who experienced a stroke. In COVID-19patients who experienced a stroke, hospital admission with respiratory symptoms was more commonly reported than that with neurological symptoms (20.83% for hemorrhagic stroke and 5.51% for ischemic stroke versus 6.94% for hemorrhagic stroke and 5.33% for ischemic stroke, respectively). The pooled mortality rate of COVID-19patients who experienced a hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke was 44.72% (95% CI 36.73%-52.98%) and 36.23% (95% CI 30.63%-42.24%), respectively. Conclusions: Although the occurrence of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke is low, the mortality rates of both stroke types in patients with COVID-19 are concerning, and therefore, despite several potential pathogeneses that have been proposed, studies aimed at definitively elucidating the mechanisms of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in individuals with COVID-19 are warranted. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020224470 (04/12/20). Copyright:
Authors: Xiaoxi Ju; Talha Ijaz; Hong Sun; Wanda Lejeune; Gracie Vargas; Tuya Shilagard; Adrian Recinos; Dianna M Milewicz; Allan R Brasier; Ronald G Tilton Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2014-01-21 Impact factor: 5.501
Authors: Sara Brilha; Catherine W M Ong; Babette Weksler; Nacho Romero; Pierre-Olivier Couraud; Jon S Friedland Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2017-11-22 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Markus Hoffmann; Hannah Kleine-Weber; Simon Schroeder; Nadine Krüger; Tanja Herrler; Sandra Erichsen; Tobias S Schiergens; Georg Herrler; Nai-Huei Wu; Andreas Nitsche; Marcel A Müller; Christian Drosten; Stefan Pöhlmann Journal: Cell Date: 2020-03-05 Impact factor: 41.582
Authors: James E Siegler; Pere Cardona; Juan F Arenillas; Blanca Talavera; Ana N Guillen; Alba Chavarría-Miranda; Mercedes de Lera; Priyank Khandelwal; Ivo Bach; Pratit Patel; Amit Singla; Manuel Requena; Marc Ribo; Dinesh V Jillella; Srikant Rangaraju; Raul G Nogueira; Diogo C Haussen; Alejandro R Vazquez; Xabier Urra; Ángel Chamorro; Luis S Román; Jesse M Thon; Ryna Then; Emma Sanborn; Natalia P de la Ossa; Mònica Millàn; Isaac N Ruiz; Ossama Y Mansour; Mohammed Megahed; Cristina Tiu; Elena O Terecoasa; Răzvan A Radu; Thanh N Nguyen; Gioacchino Curiale; Artem Kaliaev; Alexandra L Czap; Jacob Sebaugh; Alicia M Zha; David S Liebeskind; Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez; Mudassir Farooqui; Ameer E Hassan; Laurie Preston; Mary S Patterson; Saif Bushnaq; Osama Zaidat; Tudor G Jovin Journal: Int J Stroke Date: 2020-09-30 Impact factor: 5.266
Authors: Andri Frediansyah; Fajar Sofyantoro; Saad Alhumaid; Abbas Al Mutair; Hawra Albayat; Hayyan I Altaweil; Hani M Al-Afghani; Abdullah A AlRamadhan; Mariam R AlGhazal; Safaa A Turkistani; Abdulmonem A Abuzaid; Ali A Rabaan Journal: Molecules Date: 2022-07-05 Impact factor: 4.927