| Literature DB >> 33704557 |
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are still the recommended initial treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, although the treatment should be temporary and confined to the administration of low doses. The complex mechanism of action is accompanied by side effects that particularly occur in long-term treatment exceeding 5 mg prednisolone per day. In this dosage range they promote osteoporosis, diabetes and hyperglycemia as well as cardiovascular events and infections, thereby contributing to an excess mortality. The risks of GC treatment are dependent on patient-related parameters, such as age, comorbidity and additional medication. A negative influence of very low steroid doses on overall survival is possibly due to high cumulative steroid doses; however, the data in this respect are contradictory. Recently, a validated index was developed to monitor GC-related toxicity. In the future, this index should help to describe the advantages of steroid-sparing treatment strategies. In the future, more selectively acting substances could achieve an uncoupling of desired and adverse effects.Entities:
Keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Infections; Osteoporosis; Prognosis; Side effects
Year: 2021 PMID: 33704557 PMCID: PMC7948162 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-021-00972-x
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Z Rheumatol ISSN: 0340-1855 Impact factor: 1.372
| Biologischer Effekt | Therapeutische Wirkung | Unerwünschte Wirkung | Referenz |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glukoneogenese | Antwort auf Stressreaktionen, Energiebereitstellung | Verminderte Insulinsensitivität, steroidinduzierter Diabetes, Gewichtszunahme | [ |
| Lipolyse | Bereitstellung freier Fettsäuren als Energielieferant | Hyperlipidämie, Fettumverteilung, Begünstigung einer Arteriosklerose | [ |
| Eiweißkatabolie | Hemmung der Fibrogenese, Proliferationshemmung | Muskelschwund, Osteoporose, Wundheilungsstörungen, Hautatrophie, gastrointestinale Perforationen | [ |
| Hemmung der Funktion und Proliferation von Lymphozyten | Immunsuppression, adjuvante Lymphomtherapie | Allgemeine Infektneigung, Förderung opportunistischer Infektionen, Mykosen und Tuberkulose | [ |
| Hemmung der Funktion und Proliferation von Eosinophilen | Antiasthmatische und antiallergene Wirkung | Infektneigung, opportunistische Infektionen | [ |
| Hemmung der Transkription inflammatorischer Zytokine | Antiphlogistisch, antiödematös, schmerzlindernd, antierosiv | Infektneigung, Verschleierung von Infektionszeichen | [ |