Annelie Klippel1,2,3, Anita Schick4, Inez Myin-Germeys1, Christian Rauschenberg2,4, Thomas Vaessen1, Ulrich Reininghaus4,5,6. 1. Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry (CCP), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Lifespan Psychology & Department of Methods and Statistics, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. 5. Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 6. ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: One putative psychological mechanism through which momentary stress impacts on psychosis in individuals with increased liability to the disorder is via affective disturbance. However, to date, this has not been systematically tested. We aimed to investigate whether (i) cross-sectional and temporal effects of momentary stress on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance, and (ii) the reverse pathway of psychotic experiences on stress via affective disturbance were modified by familial liability to psychosis. METHODS: The Experience Sampling Method was used in a pooled data set of six studies with three groups of 245 individuals with psychotic disorder, 165 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 244 healthy control individuals to index familial liability. Multilevel moderated mediation models were fitted to investigate indirect effects across groups cross-sectionally and multilevel cross-lagged panel models to investigate temporal effects in the proposed pathways across two measurement occasions. RESULTS: Evidence on indirect effects from cross-sectional models indicated that, in all three groups, effects of stress on psychotic experiences were mediated by negative affect and, vice versa, effects of psychotic experiences on stress were mediated by negative affect, with all indirect effects being weakest in relatives. Longitudinal modelling of data provided no evidence of temporal priority of stress in exerting its indirect effects on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance or, vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings tentatively suggest a rapid vicious cycle of stress impacting psychotic experiences via affective disturbances, which does, however, not seem to be consistently modified by familial liability to psychosis.
BACKGROUND: One putative psychological mechanism through which momentary stress impacts on psychosis in individuals with increased liability to the disorder is via affective disturbance. However, to date, this has not been systematically tested. We aimed to investigate whether (i) cross-sectional and temporal effects of momentary stress on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance, and (ii) the reverse pathway of psychotic experiences on stress via affective disturbance were modified by familial liability to psychosis. METHODS: The Experience Sampling Method was used in a pooled data set of six studies with three groups of 245 individuals with psychotic disorder, 165 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 244 healthy control individuals to index familial liability. Multilevel moderated mediation models were fitted to investigate indirect effects across groups cross-sectionally and multilevel cross-lagged panel models to investigate temporal effects in the proposed pathways across two measurement occasions. RESULTS: Evidence on indirect effects from cross-sectional models indicated that, in all three groups, effects of stress on psychotic experiences were mediated by negative affect and, vice versa, effects of psychotic experiences on stress were mediated by negative affect, with all indirect effects being weakest in relatives. Longitudinal modelling of data provided no evidence of temporal priority of stress in exerting its indirect effects on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance or, vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings tentatively suggest a rapid vicious cycle of stress impacting psychotic experiences via affective disturbances, which does, however, not seem to be consistently modified by familial liability to psychosis.
Authors: Christian Rauschenberg; Julia C C Schulte-Strathaus; Jim van Os; Matthieu Goedhart; Jan N M Schieveld; Ulrich Reininghaus Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2022-04-25 Impact factor: 4.519
Authors: Anita Schick; Isabell Paetzold; Christian Rauschenberg; Dusan Hirjak; Tobias Banaschewski; Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg; Jan R Boehnke; Benjamin Boecking; Ulrich Reininghaus Journal: JMIR Res Protoc Date: 2021-12-03
Authors: I Paetzold; I Myin-Germeys; A Schick; B Nelson; E Velthorst; F Schirmbeck; J van Os; C Morgan; J Hartmann; M van der Gaag; L de Haan; L Valmaggia; P McGuire; M Kempton; U Reininghaus Journal: Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci Date: 2021-05-28 Impact factor: 6.892