OBJECTIVES: People detained in correctional facilities are at high risk for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We described the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in a large urban jail system, including signs and symptoms at time of testing and risk factors for hospitalization. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included all patients aged ≥18 years who were tested for COVID-19 during March 11-April 28, 2020, while in custody in the New York City jail system (N = 978). We described demographic characteristics and signs and symptoms at the time of testing and performed Cox regression analysis to identify factors associated with hospitalization among those with a positive test result. RESULTS: Of 978 people tested for COVID-19, 568 received a positive test result. Among symptomatic patients, the most common symptoms among those who received a positive test result were cough (n = 293 of 510, 57%) and objective fever (n = 288 of 510, 56%). Of 257 asymptomatic patients who were tested, 58 (23%) received a positive test result. Forty-five (8%) people who received a positive test result were hospitalized for COVID-19. Older age (aged ≥55 vs 18-34) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 13.41; 95% CI, 3.80-47.33) and diabetes mellitus (aHR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.00-3.95) were significantly associated with hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of people tested in New York City jails received a positive test result for COVID-19, including a large proportion of people tested while asymptomatic. During periods of ongoing transmission, asymptomatic screening should complement symptom-driven COVID-19 testing in correctional facilities. Older patients and people with diabetes mellitus should be closely monitored after COVID-19 diagnosis because of their increased risk for hospitalization.
OBJECTIVES: People detained in correctional facilities are at high risk for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We described the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in a large urban jail system, including signs and symptoms at time of testing and risk factors for hospitalization. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included all patients aged ≥18 years who were tested for COVID-19 during March 11-April 28, 2020, while in custody in the New York City jail system (N = 978). We described demographic characteristics and signs and symptoms at the time of testing and performed Cox regression analysis to identify factors associated with hospitalization among those with a positive test result. RESULTS: Of 978 people tested for COVID-19, 568 received a positive test result. Among symptomatic patients, the most common symptoms among those who received a positive test result were cough (n = 293 of 510, 57%) and objective fever (n = 288 of 510, 56%). Of 257 asymptomatic patients who were tested, 58 (23%) received a positive test result. Forty-five (8%) people who received a positive test result were hospitalized for COVID-19. Older age (aged ≥55 vs 18-34) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 13.41; 95% CI, 3.80-47.33) and diabetes mellitus (aHR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.00-3.95) were significantly associated with hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of people tested in New York City jails received a positive test result for COVID-19, including a large proportion of people tested while asymptomatic. During periods of ongoing transmission, asymptomatic screening should complement symptom-driven COVID-19 testing in correctional facilities. Older patients and people with diabetes mellitus should be closely monitored after COVID-19 diagnosis because of their increased risk for hospitalization.
Authors: Erin K Stokes; Laura D Zambrano; Kayla N Anderson; Ellyn P Marder; Kala M Raz; Suad El Burai Felix; Yunfeng Tie; Kathleen E Fullerton Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2020-06-19 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Emily Mosites; Erin M Parker; Kristie E N Clarke; Jessie M Gaeta; Travis P Baggett; Elizabeth Imbert; Madeline Sankaran; Ashley Scarborough; Karin Huster; Matt Hanson; Elysia Gonzales; Jody Rauch; Libby Page; Temet M McMichael; Ryan Keating; Grace E Marx; Tom Andrews; Kristine Schmit; Sapna Bamrah Morris; Nicole F Dowling; Georgina Peacock Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2020-05-01 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Liesl M Hagan; Samantha P Williams; Anne C Spaulding; Robin L Toblin; Jessica Figlenski; Jeanne Ocampo; Tara Ross; Heidi Bauer; Justine Hutchinson; Kimberley D Lucas; Matthew Zahn; Chun Chiang; Timothy Collins; Alexis Burakoff; Juli Bettridge; Ginger Stringer; Randolph Maul; Kristen Waters; Courtney Dewart; Jennifer Clayton; Sietske de Fijter; Radha Sadacharan; Linda Garcia; Naomi Lockett; Kirstin Short; Laxman Sunder; Senad Handanagic Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2020-08-21 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Stephen A Lauer; Kyra H Grantz; Qifang Bi; Forrest K Jones; Qulu Zheng; Hannah R Meredith; Andrew S Azman; Nicholas G Reich; Justin Lessler Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2020-03-10 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: Shamez N Ladhani; Georgina Ireland; Frances Baawuah; Joanne Beckmann; Ifeanyichukwu O Okike; Shazaad Ahmad; Joanna Garstang; Andrew J Brent; Bernadette Brent; Jemma Walker; Felicity Aiano; Zahin Amin-Chowdhury; Louise Letley; Jessica Flood; Samuel E I Jones; Meaghan Kall; Ray Borrow; Ezra Linley; Maria Zambon; John Poh; Angie Lackenby; Joanna Ellis; Gayatri Amirthalingam; Kevin E Brown; Mary E Ramsay Journal: EClinicalMedicine Date: 2021-06-09
Authors: Annabel A Powell; Georgina Ireland; Frances Baawuah; Joanne Beckmann; Ifeanyichukwu O Okike; Shazaad Ahmad; Joanna Garstang; Andrew J Brent; Bernadette Brent; Felicity Aiano; James Hargreaves; Sinéad M Langan; Punam Mangtani; Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo; Joanna Sturgess; William Oswald; Katherine Halliday; Emma Rourke; Fiona Dawe; Zahin Amin-Chowdhury; Meaghan Kall; Maria Zambon; John Poh; Samreen Ijaz; Angie Lackenby; Joanna Elli; Kevin E Brown; Sir Ian Diamond; Mary E Ramsay; Shamez N Ladhani Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-02-16 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Angela Stufano; Nicola Buonvino; Francesco Cagnazzo; Nicola Armenise; Daniela Pontrelli; Giovanna Curzio; Leonarda De Benedictis; Piero Lovreglio Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2021-07-07