Genetic analysis of long-flagella mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The length of the flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells is tightly regulated; both short-flagella and long-flagella mutants have been described. This report characterizes ten long-flagella mutants, including five newly isolated mutants, to determine the number of different loci conferring this phenotype, and to study interactions of mutants at different loci. The mutants, each of which was recessive in heterozygous diploids with wild type, fall into three unlinked complementation groups. One of these defines a new gene, lf3, which maps near the centromere of linkage group I. The flagellar length distributions in populations of each mutant were broad, with the longest flagella measuring four times the length of the longest flagella seen on wild-type cells. Each of the ten mutants had defective flagellar regrowth after amputation. Some of the mutants showed no regrowth within the time required for wild-type cells to regenerate flagella completely. Other mutants had subpopulations with rapid regeneration kinetics, and subpopulations with no observable regeneration. The mutants were each crossed to wild type to form temporary quadriflagellate, dikaryon cells; in each case the long flagella were rapidly shortened in the presence of the wild-type cytoplasm, demonstrating that the mutants were recessive, and that length control could be exerted on already assembled flagella.