Megan K Mueller1,2, Eric C Anderson3,4, Erin K King1,2, Heather L Urry5. 1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA. 2. Tisch College of Civic Life at Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA. 3. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA. 4. Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. 5. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are increasingly popular as treatments to reduce anxiety. However, there is little empirical evidence testing the mechanisms of action in AAIs, especially among adolescents. We examined whether two possible mechanisms, social interaction and/or physical contact with a therapy dog, might reduce anxiety during a social stressor. DESIGN AND METHODS: To test these mechanisms, we randomly assigned 75 adolescents with low, middle, and high levels of social anxiety to complete a laboratory-based social evaluative stressor in one of three conditions: social interaction with a therapy dog (no physical interaction), social plus physical interaction with a therapy dog, or no interaction with a therapy dog. We measured self-reported anxiety and autonomic reactivity during the social stressor to assess the effects of contact with a therapy dog. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that the presence of a real dog, with or without the opportunity to touch it, reduced anxiety or autonomic reactivity or improved cognitive performance relative to the presence of a stuffed dog in the control condition, regardless of levels of preexisting social anxiety.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03249116.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are increasingly popular as treatments to reduce anxiety. However, there is little empirical evidence testing the mechanisms of action in AAIs, especially among adolescents. We examined whether two possible mechanisms, social interaction and/or physical contact with a therapy dog, might reduce anxiety during a social stressor. DESIGN AND METHODS: To test these mechanisms, we randomly assigned 75 adolescents with low, middle, and high levels of social anxiety to complete a laboratory-based social evaluative stressor in one of three conditions: social interaction with a therapy dog (no physical interaction), social plus physical interaction with a therapy dog, or no interaction with a therapy dog. We measured self-reported anxiety and autonomic reactivity during the social stressor to assess the effects of contact with a therapy dog. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that the presence of a real dog, with or without the opportunity to touch it, reduced anxiety or autonomic reactivity or improved cognitive performance relative to the presence of a stuffed dog in the control condition, regardless of levels of preexisting social anxiety.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03249116.
Entities:
Keywords:
Social anxiety; animal-assisted therapy; emotion regulation; human-animal interaction; social stress
Authors: P Greenland; M L Daviglus; A R Dyer; K Liu; C F Huang; J J Goldberger; J Stamler Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1999-05-01 Impact factor: 4.897
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