Katja Laufer-Meiser1,2, Alexander B Michaud3,4, Markus Maisch5, James M Byrne5,6, Andreas Kappler5,7, Molly O Patterson8, Hans Røy3, Bo Barker Jørgensen3. 1. Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. klaufer@geomar.de. 2. GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany. klaufer@geomar.de. 3. Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 4. Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Maine, USA. 5. Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 6. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol, UK. 7. GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany. 8. Department of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies, Binghamton University, New York, USA.
Abstract
The Arctic has the highest warming rates on Earth. Glaciated fjord ecosystems, which are hotspots of carbon cycling and burial, are extremely sensitive to this warming. Glaciers are important for the transport of iron from land to sea and supply this essential nutrient to phytoplankton in high-latitude marine ecosystems. However, up to 95% of the glacially-sourced iron settles to sediments close to the glacial source. Our data show that while 0.6-12% of the total glacially-sourced iron is potentially bioavailable, biogeochemical cycling in Arctic fjord sediments converts the glacially-derived iron into more labile phases, generating up to a 9-fold increase in the amount of potentially bioavailable iron. Arctic fjord sediments are thus an important source of potentially bioavailable iron. However, our data suggests that as glaciers retreat onto land the flux of iron to the sediment-water interface may be reduced. Glacial retreat therefore likely impacts iron cycling in coastal marine ecosystems.
The Arctic has tn class="Chemical">he highest warming rates on Earth. Glaciated fjord ecosystems, which are hotspots of carbon cycling and burial, are extremely sensitive to this warming. Glaciers are important for the transport of iron from land to sea and supply this essential nutrient to phytoplankton in high-latitude marine ecosystems. However, up to 95% of the glacially-sourced iron settles to sediments close to the glacial source. Our data show that while 0.6-12% of the total glacially-sourced iron is potentially bioavailable, biogeochemical cycling in Arctic fjord sediments converts the glacially-derived iron into more labile phases, generating up to a 9-fold increase in the amount of potentially bioavailable iron. Arctic fjord sediments are thus an important source of potentially bioavailable iron. However, our data suggests that as glaciers retreat onto land the flux of iron to the sediment-water interface may be reduced. Glacial retreat therefore likely impacts iron cycling in coastal marine ecosystems.
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