Gordana Kenđel Jovanović1, Ines Mrakovcic-Sutic2,3, Sandra Pavičić Žeželj1,4, Indira Benjak Horvat5, Lucia Šuša6, Dario Rahelić7,8,9, Sanja Klobučar Majanović10,11. 1. Department of Health Ecology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia. 2. Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia. 3. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Health Studies, Rijeka, Croatia. 4. Department of Health Ecology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia. 6. Community Health Centar of Istra County, Pula, Croatia. 7. Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia. 8. School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 9. School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia. 10. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. 11. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia.
Abstract
Background: Associated with epidemics of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. The cornerstone of therapy for NAFLD is lifestyle intervention, mainly focused on weight loss. Significant weight loss results from energy-restricted diets, regardless of macronutrient distribution. An anti-inflammatory diet was related to lower odds of NAFLD among daily alcohol drinkers and individuals with metabolic syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an energy-reduced anti-inflammatory diet on liver status in younger adults with obesity after a 6-month follow-up. Methods: A two-arm randomized controlled trial surveyed 81 participants' (mean age, 43 years) anthropometric and body composition changes. Metabolic status was determined with glycaemic and lipid status, inflammatory status with hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, and liver status with liver enzymes, NAFLD-FLS, FLI, and FIB-4 indices. The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index, DII®. Results: Energy-restricted anti-inflammatory diet resulted in significant weight loss (-7.1%, p < 0.001), in reducing the visceral adiposity (-22.3%, p < 0.001), metabolic (HOMA-IR, -15.5%; total cholesterol, -5.3%; LDL-C, -4.6%; triglycerides, -12.2%), and inflammatory biomarkers (hs-CRP, -29.5%; IL-6, -18.2%; TNF-α, -34.2%), with significant improvement of liver parameters (NAFLD-FLS, -143.4%; FLI, -14.3%; FIB-4, -2.5%). Conclusion: The study showed the effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory diet with significant improvement of liver parameters in younger adults with obesity, which may reinforce the effectiveness of nutrition-based lifestyle programs, with an anti-inflammatory dietary approach for the treatment and resolution of NAFLD.
RCT Entities:
Background: Associated with epidemics of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. The cornerstone of therapy for NAFLD is lifestyle intervention, mainly focused on weight loss. Significant weight loss results from energy-restricted diets, regardless of macronutrient distribution. An anti-inflammatory diet was related to lower odds of NAFLD among daily alcohol drinkers and individuals with metabolic syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an energy-reduced anti-inflammatory diet on liver status in younger adults with obesity after a 6-month follow-up. Methods: A two-arm randomized controlled trial surveyed 81 participants' (mean age, 43 years) anthropometric and body composition changes. Metabolic status was determined with glycaemic and lipid status, inflammatory status with hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, and liver status with liver enzymes, NAFLD-FLS, FLI, and FIB-4 indices. The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index, DII®. Results: Energy-restricted anti-inflammatory diet resulted in significant weight loss (-7.1%, p < 0.001), in reducing the visceral adiposity (-22.3%, p < 0.001), metabolic (HOMA-IR, -15.5%; total cholesterol, -5.3%; LDL-C, -4.6%; triglycerides, -12.2%), and inflammatory biomarkers (hs-CRP, -29.5%; IL-6, -18.2%; TNF-α, -34.2%), with significant improvement of liver parameters (NAFLD-FLS, -143.4%; FLI, -14.3%; FIB-4, -2.5%). Conclusion: The study showed the effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory diet with significant improvement of liver parameters in younger adults with obesity, which may reinforce the effectiveness of nutrition-based lifestyle programs, with an anti-inflammatory dietary approach for the treatment and resolution of NAFLD.
Authors: Farhad Vahid; Nitin Shivappa; Azita Hekmatdoost; James R Hebert; Hossein Poustchi; Ali Shamsipour; Tannaz Eslamparast; Mohammad Meibodi; Diyako Rahmani Journal: Int J Vitam Nutr Res Date: 2019-03-19 Impact factor: 1.784
Authors: Nicholas J Wareham; Rupert W Jakes; Kirsten L Rennie; Jantine Schuit; Jo Mitchell; Susie Hennings; Nicholas E Day Journal: Public Health Nutr Date: 2003-06 Impact factor: 4.022
Authors: Erik Kirk; Dominic N Reeds; Brian N Finck; S Mitra Mayurranjan; Mitra S Mayurranjan; Bruce W Patterson; Samuel Klein Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 2009-01-25 Impact factor: 22.682