M J Wensink1,2, S Rizzi1,2, T K Jensen3, N E Skakkebaek4, Y Lu5, R Lindahl-Jacobsen1,2, M L Eisenberg6. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark. 2. Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark. 3. Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark. 4. Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. 5. Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA. 6. Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.
Abstract
AIM: To study what medication fathers are being prescribed in the months preceding conception. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of Danish national registries, comprising all births in Denmark 1997-2017 (1.3 million births). Time trends and absolute levels of paternal prescription medication in the 6 months prior to conception were assessed. While all medications were examined (N = 1335), we focused on the main medication groups, medications that have increased in use over time, and medications for which previous evidence exists of an effect on sperm quality. RESULTS: The average number of prescriptions increased over the study period (from 0.75 prescriptions to 0.82 per birth). Polypharmacy (three or more prescriptions) increased from less than 8% to 10% of fathers. The use of pain medication, proton-pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and some inhalants have all increased markedly over the last 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: Potential harm to the offspring done by paternal medication may present an increasing problem. As paternal medication exposure is increasing, examination of generational effects, such as major birth defects, is necessary.
AIM: To study what medication fathers are being prescribed in the months preceding conception. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of Danish national registries, comprising all births in Denmark 1997-2017 (1.3 million births). Time trends and absolute levels of paternal prescription medication in the 6 months prior to conception were assessed. While all medications were examined (N = 1335), we focused on the main medication groups, medications that have increased in use over time, and medications for which previous evidence exists of an effect on sperm quality. RESULTS: The average number of prescriptions increased over the study period (from 0.75 prescriptions to 0.82 per birth). Polypharmacy (three or more prescriptions) increased from less than 8% to 10% of fathers. The use of pain medication, proton-pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and some inhalants have all increased markedly over the last 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: Potential harm to the offspring done by paternal medication may present an increasing problem. As paternal medication exposure is increasing, examination of generational effects, such as major birth defects, is necessary.
Entities:
Keywords:
Paternity; conception; drug prescriptions; polypharmacy; teratogenicity
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