Chun-Fu Liu1,2,3, Shin-Chieh Chen1,3,4, Fu-Sung Lo5,6, Nan-Kai Wang7, Kuan-Jen Chen3,4, Laura Liu3,4, Yen-Po Chen3,4,8, Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang3,4, Pei-Kang Liu9,10,11,12, Ling Yeung1,3, Wei-Chi Wu3,4, Chi-Chun Lai1,3,4. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. 2. Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. 5. College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. lofusu@cgmh.org.tw. 6. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. lofusu@cgmh.org.tw. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. wang.nankai@gmail.com. 8. Department of Ophthalmology, Tucheng Municipal Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan. 9. Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 10. School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 11. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 12. Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Abstract
AIMS: To compare the annual axial length (AL) changes in myopic children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and those without diabetes. METHODS: There are two groups of myopic children in this retrospective cohort study. Group 1 consisted of myopic children with T1DM (44 eyes of 22 patients). Group 2 comprised age-matched myopic children without diabetes (44 eyes of 22 children). These two groups were compared with regard to their baseline clinical characteristics. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was also used to determine the most likely factor that contributed to the results. RESULTS: The average ages of group 1 and group 2 were 14.8 and 14.6 years, respectively. Children in group 1 had significantly slower annual AL changes (0.051 mm/year vs 0.103 mm/year; 50.5% slower, P = 0.011) and shorter baseline AL (23.97 vs 25.19 mm, P < 0.001) than those in group 2. GEE also showed that serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (B = -0.023, P = 0.039) was the most important factor in reducing AL elongation in group 1 myopic children. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term higher HbA1c level may reduce AL elongation. A strict blood sugar control strategy in clinical practice is warranted to axial myopia progression in T1DM children.
AIMS: To compare the annual axial length (AL) changes in myopic children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and those without diabetes. METHODS: There are two groups of myopic children in this retrospective cohort study. Group 1 consisted of myopic children with T1DM (44 eyes of 22 patients). Group 2 comprised age-matched myopic children without diabetes (44 eyes of 22 children). These two groups were compared with regard to their baseline clinical characteristics. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was also used to determine the most likely factor that contributed to the results. RESULTS: The average ages of group 1 and group 2 were 14.8 and 14.6 years, respectively. Children in group 1 had significantly slower annual AL changes (0.051 mm/year vs 0.103 mm/year; 50.5% slower, P = 0.011) and shorter baseline AL (23.97 vs 25.19 mm, P < 0.001) than those in group 2. GEE also showed that serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (B = -0.023, P = 0.039) was the most important factor in reducing AL elongation in group 1 myopic children. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term higher HbA1c level may reduce AL elongation. A strict blood sugar control strategy in clinical practice is warranted to axial myopia progression in T1DM children.
Entities:
Keywords:
Axial length; Children; HbA1c; Myopia; Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kate L Gifford; Kathryn Richdale; Pauline Kang; Thomas A Aller; Carly S Lam; Y Maria Liu; Langis Michaud; Jeroen Mulder; Janis B Orr; Kathryn A Rose; Kathryn J Saunders; Dirk Seidel; J Willem L Tideman; Padmaja Sankaridurg Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2019-02-28 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: James S Wolffsohn; Pete S Kollbaum; David A Berntsen; David A Atchison; Alexandra Benavente; Arthur Bradley; Hetal Buckhurst; Michael Collins; Takashi Fujikado; Takahiro Hiraoka; Masakazu Hirota; Debbie Jones; Nicola S Logan; Linda Lundström; Hidemasa Torii; Scott A Read; Kovin Naidoo Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2019-02-28 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Christine F Wildsoet; Audrey Chia; Pauline Cho; Jeremy A Guggenheim; Jan Roelof Polling; Scott Read; Padmaja Sankaridurg; Seang-Mei Saw; Klaus Trier; Jeffrey J Walline; Pei-Chang Wu; James S Wolffsohn Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2019-02-28 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: J Willem L Tideman; Margaretha C C Snabel; Milly S Tedja; Gwyneth A van Rijn; King T Wong; Robert W A M Kuijpers; Johannes R Vingerling; Albert Hofman; Gabriëlle H S Buitendijk; Jan E E Keunen; Camiel J F Boon; Annette J M Geerards; Gregorius P M Luyten; Virginie J M Verhoeven; Caroline C W Klaver Journal: JAMA Ophthalmol Date: 2016-12-01 Impact factor: 7.389
Authors: James S Wolffsohn; Daniel Ian Flitcroft; Kate L Gifford; Monica Jong; Lyndon Jones; Caroline C W Klaver; Nicola S Logan; Kovin Naidoo; Serge Resnikoff; Padmaja Sankaridurg; Earl L Smith; David Troilo; Christine F Wildsoet Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2019-02-28 Impact factor: 4.799