Niloofar Ganji1,2, Yuhki Koike1, Bo Li1, Haitao Zhu1, Ethan Lau1, Maarten Janssen Lok1, Carol Lee1, Agostino Pierro3,4,5. 1. Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 1526-555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. 2. Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. 3. Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 1526-555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. agostino.pierro@sickkids.ca. 4. Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. agostino.pierro@sickkids.ca. 5. Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. agostino.pierro@sickkids.ca.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Monitoring disease progression is crucial to improve the outcome of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A previous study indicates that intestinal wall flow velocity was reduced in NEC pups from the initial stages of the disease. This study aims to investigate whether splanchnic perfusion via the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (i) is altered during NEC development and (ii) can be used as a monitoring tool to assess disease progression. METHODS: NEC was induced in C57BL/6 mice via gavage feeding of formula, hypoxia, and oral lipopolysaccharide, from postnatal day 5 (P5) to P9 (AUP: 32,238). Breastfed littermates served as controls. Doppler ultrasound (U/S) of bowel loops was performed daily. Intestinal wall perfusion was calculated as average flow velocity (mm/s) of multiple abdominal regions. Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The SMA flow velocity was not altered during the initial stage of NEC development, but become significantly reduced at P8 when the intestinal disease was more advanced. These changes occurred concomitantly with an increase in heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: NEC is associated with intestinal hypo-perfusion at the periphery and flow in the SMA is reduced during the later stages of disease indicating the presence of intestinal epithelium damage. This study contributes to understanding NEC pathophysiology and illustrates the value of Doppler U/S in monitoring disease progression.
PURPOSE: Monitoring disease progression is crucial to improve the outcome of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A previous study indicates that intestinal wall flow velocity was reduced in NEC pups from the initial stages of the disease. This study aims to investigate whether splanchnic perfusion via the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (i) is altered during NEC development and (ii) can be used as a monitoring tool to assess disease progression. METHODS: NEC was induced in C57BL/6 mice via gavage feeding of formula, hypoxia, and oral lipopolysaccharide, from postnatal day 5 (P5) to P9 (AUP: 32,238). Breastfed littermates served as controls. Doppler ultrasound (U/S) of bowel loops was performed daily. Intestinal wall perfusion was calculated as average flow velocity (mm/s) of multiple abdominal regions. Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The SMA flow velocity was not altered during the initial stage of NEC development, but become significantly reduced at P8 when the intestinal disease was more advanced. These changes occurred concomitantly with an increase in heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: NEC is associated with intestinal hypo-perfusion at the periphery and flow in the SMA is reduced during the later stages of disease indicating the presence of intestinal epithelium damage. This study contributes to understanding NEC pathophysiology and illustrates the value of Doppler U/S in monitoring disease progression.
Authors: R Singh; P F Visintainer; I D Frantz; B L Shah; K M Meyer; S A Favila; M S Thomas; D M Kent Journal: J Perinatol Date: 2011-01-27 Impact factor: 2.521
Authors: Noel T Mueller; Elizabeth Bakacs; Joan Combellick; Zoya Grigoryan; Maria G Dominguez-Bello Journal: Trends Mol Med Date: 2014-12-11 Impact factor: 11.951