Santiago Grau1,2, Daniel Echeverria-Esnal1, Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla3, Maria Eugenia Navarrete-Rouco1, Joan Ramon Masclans2,4, Merce Espona1, Maria Pilar Gracia-Arnillas4, Xavier Duran5, Merce Comas6, Juan Pablo Horcajada3, Olivia Ferrández1. 1. Pharmacy Department, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Maritim 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. 2. Medicine Department, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Barcelona, Spain. 3. Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Maritim 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. 4. Critical Care Department, GREPAC, IMIM (Mar Hospital Medical Research Institute). Hospital del Mar, Passeig Maritim 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. 5. Scientific, Statistics and Technical Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Maritim 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. 6. Epidemiology and Evaluation, Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC). Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Maritim 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
Background: The first wave of COVID-19 pandemic may have significantly impacted antimicrobial consumption in hospitals. The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of antimicrobial consumption during this period. Methods: A retrospective quasi-experimental before-after study was conducted in a Spanish tertiary care hospital. The study compared two periods: pre-pandemic, from January 2018 to February 2020, and during the COVID-19 pandemic from March to June 2020. Antimicrobial consumption was analyzed monthly as defined daily doses (DDD)/100 bed-days and overall hospital and ICU consumption were evaluated. Results: An increase in the hospital consumption was noticed. Although only ceftaroline achieved statistical significance (p = 0.014), a rise was observed in most of the studied antimicrobials. A clear temporal pattern was detected. While an increase in ceftriaxone and azithromycin was observed during March, an increment in the consumption of daptomycin, carbapenems, linezolid, ceftaroline, novel cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitors or triazoles during April-May was noticed. In the ICU, these findings were more evident, namely ceftriaxone (p = 0.029), carbapenems (p = 0.002), daptomycin (p = 0.002), azithromycin (p = 0.030), and linezolid (p = 0.011) but followed a similar temporal pattern. Conclusion: An increase in the antimicrobial consumption during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic was noticed, especially in the ICU. Availability of updated protocols and antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential to optimize these outcomes.
Background: The first wave of COVID-19 pandemic may have significantly impacted antimicrobial consumption in hospitals. The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of antimicrobial consumption during this period. Methods: A retrospective quasi-experimental before-after study was conducted in a Spanish tertiary care hospital. The study compared two periods: pre-pandemic, from January 2018 to February 2020, and during the COVID-19 pandemic from March to June 2020. Antimicrobial consumption was analyzed monthly as defined daily doses (DDD)/100 bed-days and overall hospital and ICU consumption were evaluated. Results: An increase in the hospital consumption was noticed. Although only ceftaroline achieved statistical significance (p = 0.014), a rise was observed in most of the studied antimicrobials. A clear temporal pattern was detected. While an increase in ceftriaxone and azithromycin was observed during March, an increment in the consumption of daptomycin, carbapenems, linezolid, ceftaroline, novel cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitors or triazoles during April-May was noticed. In the ICU, these findings were more evident, namely ceftriaxone (p = 0.029), carbapenems (p = 0.002), daptomycin (p = 0.002), azithromycin (p = 0.030), and linezolid (p = 0.011) but followed a similar temporal pattern. Conclusion: An increase in the antimicrobial consumption during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic was noticed, especially in the ICU. Availability of updated protocols and antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential to optimize these outcomes.
Authors: Michael S Pulia; Ian Wolf; Rebecca J Schwei; Derrick Chen; Alexander J Lepak; Lucas T Schulz; Nasia Safdar Journal: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Date: 2020-11-19 Impact factor: 3.254
Authors: Khezar Hayat; Zia Ul Mustafa; Muhammad Nabeel Ikram; Muhammad Ijaz-Ul-Haq; Irum Noor; Muhammad Fawad Rasool; Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq; Anees Ur Rehman; Syed Shahzad Hasan; Yu Fang Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2022-01-04 Impact factor: 5.810