Kaempferitrin-Treated HepG2 Differentially Expressed Exosomal Markers and Affect Extracellular Vesicle Sizes in the Secretome.

Kaempferitrin is extracted in significantly high quantities from the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum, which belongs to a group of plant species that comes under the genus Cinnamomum, well-known for its established anti-diabetic property in Chinese medicine. Oral administration of kaempferitrin and Cinnamomum osmophloeum extract reduced blood sugar in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and improved the lipid profile in hamsters respectively. In this paper we studied the differential protein expression profile using mass spectrometry approach in the kaempferitrin-treated conditioned medium of liver cancer cell line HepG2. We discovered that 33 genes were up/down-regulated consistently between two biological samples. A slightly different version of the analysis software selected 28 genes, and the final 18 genes that appeared in both lists were selected. Interestingly, 5 proteins out of 18 were either exosomal markers or reported in high frequency of occurrence in exosome/secreted vesicles. We also examined the extracellular particles with atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that the conditioned medium of kaempferitrin treated had larger vesicles and fewer small vesicles. Expression of some lipid-regulating genes were also altered. Our data suggested that extracellular vesicle secretions may be regulated by kaempferitrin, and regulation of lipid profile by kampeferitrin involves multiple mechanisms.