Literature DB >> 33566964

The Relationship between CAR and CAE: Association of C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in Patients with Isolated Coronary Artery Ectasia.

Iran Castro1, Hugo Antonio Fontana Filho1.   

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Year:  2021        PMID: 33566964      PMCID: PMC8159518          DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200580

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Arq Bras Cardiol        ISSN: 0066-782X            Impact factor:   2.000


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Ectasia arterial coronária (EAC), definida como um aumento do diâmetro coronariano 1,5 vez o diâmetro do leito adjacente normal,[1] é um achado incomum em cineangiocoronariografias, com incidência de 1,2 a 4,9%.[2] Na maioria das vezes, está relacionada com doença aterosclerótica coronariana (DAC),[3] sendo que apresentam vários fatores em comum, como acumulação de lipoproteínas na camada íntima, infiltração de células inflamatórias, ativação do sistema renina-angiotensina e geração de estresse oxidativo, com expansão e remodelamento arterial. Os elevados níveis de oxido nítrico causam vasodilatação e ativação excessiva de metaloproteinases da matriz extracelular, resultando em dilatação vascular.[4] Pode ainda, menos comumente, estar relacionada com doença de Kawasaky, doenças do tecido conjuntivo, infecciosas ou autoimunes. A incidência é maior em homens, hipertensos e tabagistas. Usuários de cocaína apresentam maior incidência de EAC e aneurismas coronarianos.[5] Interessantemente, diabetes melito (DM) parece não ter relação com EAC, podendo até mesmo ser fator protetor, fato relacionado com a inibição da expressão das metaloproteinases da matriz extracelular.[6] A elevação da proteína C reativa (PCR) é fator amplamente relacionado com aumento da atividade inflamatória e do risco cardiovascular,[7 - 8] assim como a redução dos níveis séricos de albumina (A).[9] Em recente publicação[10] com 102 pacientes com EAC e o mesmo número de participantes sem EAC, os autores demonstraram que pacientes com EAC apresentaram alta relação PCR/albumina (CAR) em comparação ao grupo-controle, levando à possibilidade de identificação de EAC e sua relação inflamatória, implicando prognóstico e manejo terapêutico. Este estudo é pioneiro em mostrar tal associação e certamente ajudará na prática cardiológica. No entanto, diferenciar se os níveis elevados desta relação estão relacionados a ectasia coronariana ou aos fatores de risco mais prevalentes no grupo de casos, como tabagismo, hipertensão e dislipidemia, e o consequente aumento da prevalência de DAC, ainda carece de estudos prospectivos ou que, talvez, usem como grupo controle pacientes com DAC e sem ectasia coronariana. Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), defined as an increase in coronary diameter 1.5 times the diameter of the normal adjacent bed,[1]is an uncommon finding in coronary angiography, with an incidence of 1.2 to 4.9%.[2]Most of the times, it is related to coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD),[3]and they have several factors in common, such as lipoprotein accumulation f in the intimal layer, inflammatory cell infiltration, activation of the renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress generation, with arterial expansion and remodeling. The high levels of nitric oxide cause vasodilation and excessive activation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in vascular dilation.[4]Less commonly, it can also be related to Kawasaky disease, connective tissue, infectious or autoimmune diseases. The incidence is higher in men, hypertensive individuals and smokers. Cocaine users have a higher incidence of CAE and coronary aneurysms.[5]Interestingly, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) seems to be unrelated to CAE, and may even be a protective factor, a fact related to the inhibition of the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases.[6] The increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) is a factor largely related to increased inflammatory activity and cardiovascular risk,[7 , 8]as well as the reduction in serum albumin levels (A).[9] In this recent publication[10]with 102 patients with and the same number without CAE, the authors demonstrated that patients with CAE had a high CRP/albumin (CAR) ratio compared to the control group, leading to the possibility of identifying CAE and its inflammatory association, implying prognosis and therapeutic management. This study is a pioneer in showing this association, and will certainly help in cardiology practice; however, to differentiate whether the high levels of this association are related to coronary ectasia or to the most prevalent risk factors in the group of cases, such as smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and the consequent increase in the prevalence of CAD, prospective studies are still necessary, or perhaps, using patients with CAD and without coronary ectasia as a control group.
  10 in total

1.  Increased prevalence of coronary artery aneurysms among cocaine users.

Authors:  Aaron Satran; Bradley A Bart; Christopher R Henry; M Bilal Murad; Sumaiya Talukdar; Daniel Satran; Timothy D Henry
Journal:  Circulation       Date:  2005-05-09       Impact factor: 29.690

2.  Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase limits nitric oxide production and experimental aneurysm expansion.

Authors:  J M Johanning; D P Franklin; D C Han; D J Carey; J R Elmore
Journal:  J Vasc Surg       Date:  2001-03       Impact factor: 4.268

3.  Usefulness of Serum Albumin Concentration to Predict High Coronary SYNTAX Score and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Authors:  Alparslan Kurtul; Sani Namik Murat; Mikail Yarlioglues; Mustafa Duran; Adil Hakan Ocek; Cemal Koseoglu; Ibrahim Etem Celık; Alparslan Kilic; Ozlem Aksoy
Journal:  Angiology       Date:  2015-03-17       Impact factor: 3.619

Review 4.  C-reactive protein is a mediator of cardiovascular disease.

Authors:  Radjesh J Bisoendial; S Matthijs Boekholdt; Menno Vergeer; Erik S G Stroes; John J P Kastelein
Journal:  Eur Heart J       Date:  2010-08-03       Impact factor: 29.983

5.  Natural history, clinical consequences, and morphologic features of coronary arterial aneurysms in adults.

Authors:  William Clifford Roberts
Journal:  Am J Cardiol       Date:  2011-07-24       Impact factor: 2.778

6.  High Sensitive CRP Level Is Associated With Intermediate and High Syntax Score in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Authors:  Muhammed Karadeniz; Mustafa Duran; Ahmet Akyel; Mikail Yarlıoğlueş; Adil Hakan Öcek; İbrahim Etem Çelik; Alparslan Kılıç; Ahmet Arif Yalcin; Gökhan Ergün; Sani Namık Murat
Journal:  Int Heart J       Date:  2015-06-26       Impact factor: 1.862

7.  Coronary artery ectasia. Its prevalence and clinical significance in 4993 patients.

Authors:  G G Hartnell; B M Parnell; R B Pridie
Journal:  Br Heart J       Date:  1985-10

8.  Aneurysmal coronary artery disease.

Authors:  P S Swaye; L D Fisher; P Litwin; P A Vignola; M P Judkins; H G Kemp; J G Mudd; A J Gosselin
Journal:  Circulation       Date:  1983-01       Impact factor: 29.690

9.  Paradoxic decreases in atherosclerotic plaque mass in insulin-treated diabetic patients.

Authors:  R Kornowski; G S Mintz; A J Lansky; M K Hong; K M Kent; A D Pichard; L F Satler; J J Popma; T A Bucher; M B Leon
Journal:  Am J Cardiol       Date:  1998-06-01       Impact factor: 2.778

10.  Association of C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in Patients with Isolated Coronary Artery Ectasia.

Authors:  Alper Sercelik; Okan Tanrıverdi; Lutfu Askin; Serdar Turkmen
Journal:  Arq Bras Cardiol       Date:  2021-01       Impact factor: 2.000

  10 in total

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