Mohammad Khademi1, Masoumeh Roohaninasab2, Azadeh Goodarzi2, Farnoosh Seirafianpour3, Milad Dodangeh3, Arash Khademi4. 1. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. 3. Student Research Comittee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. The British Board of Antiaging & Integrated Medicine, London, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Beauty is closely associated with a sense of calm, confidence, and hope for a better life. Therefore, it is expected that improving the appearance or even correcting one's view of appearance can prevent depression and even improve different degrees of depression in individuals. AIMS: Investigation of whether using botulinum injections (a common method of improving facial esthetics) can improve the degree of depression in clients. METHODS: This prospective interventional before-after study was conducted on 121 consecutive individuals referred for beautifying the face. Before performing the interventional procedure by facial botulinum injection as well as one month later, the depression status was examined by the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI) questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean baseline depression score dropped from 18.9 ± 4.8 to 10.6 ± 2.9 during the follow-up time (P < .001). Using the multivariable linear regression modeling and with the presence of baseline parameters, the main determinants of improving depression score included young ages (beta = -0.541, P = .001), higher educational level (beta = 0.595, P = .015), and previous experiences of botulinum toxin use (beta = 1.072, P = .036). CONCLUSION: The improvement in people's moods along with correction of their facial defects following botulinum toxin injections would be expected.
BACKGROUND: Beauty is closely associated with a sense of calm, confidence, and hope for a better life. Therefore, it is expected that improving the appearance or even correcting one's view of appearance can prevent depression and even improve different degrees of depression in individuals. AIMS: Investigation of whether using botulinum injections (a common method of improving facial esthetics) can improve the degree of depression in clients. METHODS: This prospective interventional before-after study was conducted on 121 consecutive individuals referred for beautifying the face. Before performing the interventional procedure by facial botulinum injection as well as one month later, the depression status was examined by the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI) questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean baseline depression score dropped from 18.9 ± 4.8 to 10.6 ± 2.9 during the follow-up time (P < .001). Using the multivariable linear regression modeling and with the presence of baseline parameters, the main determinants of improving depression score included young ages (beta = -0.541, P = .001), higher educational level (beta = 0.595, P = .015), and previous experiences of botulinum toxin use (beta = 1.072, P = .036). CONCLUSION: The improvement in people's moods along with correction of their facial defects following botulinum toxin injections would be expected.