BACKGROUND: Gallbladder adenocarcinoma has a poor prognosis as it is often diagnosed incidentally, and patients have a high risk for residual and occult metastatic disease. Expert guidelines recommend definitive surgery for ≥T1b tumors; however, surgical management is inconsistent. This study evaluates the factors that affect the completion of radical resection with portal lymphadenectomy and its impact on survival. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery for gallbladder cancer from 2008 to 2017 at an academic institution was performed. Patients were analyzed based on whether they underwent definitive surgical resection. Patient factors and clinical decision-making were analyzed; overall survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients with ≥T1b tumors were identified, of who 32 (42.7%) underwent definitive resection. Fifty-four (72%) patients had gallbladder cancer identified as an incidental diagnosis following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Among patients who did not undergo definitive resection, the underlying factors were varied. Only 24 (55.8%) patients in the non-definitive resection group were seen by surgical oncology. Among patients who underwent re-operation for definitive resection, 12 (38.7%) were upstaged on final pathology. Of the 43 patients who did not undergo definitive resection, 4 (9.3%) had metastatic disease identified during attempted re-resection. Patients who underwent definitive resection had a significantly longer median overall survival compared to those who did not (4.3 v. 1.9 years, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing definitive resection have a significantly improved survival, including as part of a re-operative strategy. Universal referral to a surgical specialist is a modifiable factor resulting in increased definitive resection rates.
BACKGROUND: Gallbladder adenocarcinoma has a poor prognosis as it is often diagnosed incidentally, and patients have a high risk for residual and occult metastatic disease. Expert guidelines recommend definitive surgery for ≥T1b tumors; however, surgical management is inconsistent. This study evaluates the factors that affect the completion of radical resection with portal lymphadenectomy and its impact on survival. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery for gallbladder cancer from 2008 to 2017 at an academic institution was performed. Patients were analyzed based on whether they underwent definitive surgical resection. Patient factors and clinical decision-making were analyzed; overall survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients with ≥T1b tumors were identified, of who 32 (42.7%) underwent definitive resection. Fifty-four (72%) patients had gallbladder cancer identified as an incidental diagnosis following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Among patients who did not undergo definitive resection, the underlying factors were varied. Only 24 (55.8%) patients in the non-definitive resection group were seen by surgical oncology. Among patients who underwent re-operation for definitive resection, 12 (38.7%) were upstaged on final pathology. Of the 43 patients who did not undergo definitive resection, 4 (9.3%) had metastatic disease identified during attempted re-resection. Patients who underwent definitive resection had a significantly longer median overall survival compared to those who did not (4.3 v. 1.9 years, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS:Patients undergoing definitive resection have a significantly improved survival, including as part of a re-operative strategy. Universal referral to a surgical specialist is a modifiable factor resulting in increased definitive resection rates.
Authors: Thomas A Aloia; Nicolas Járufe; Milind Javle; Shishir K Maithel; Juan C Roa; Volkan Adsay; Felipe J F Coimbra; William R Jarnagin Journal: HPB (Oxford) Date: 2015-08 Impact factor: 3.647
Authors: Jason M Foster; Hisakazu Hoshi; John F Gibbs; Renuka Iyer; Miland Javle; Quyen Chu; Boris Kuvshinoff Journal: Ann Surg Oncol Date: 2006-11-11 Impact factor: 5.344
Authors: Eric H Jensen; Anasooya Abraham; Stephanie Jarosek; Elizabeth B Habermann; Waddah B Al-Refaie; Selwyn A Vickers; Beth A Virnig; Todd M Tuttle Journal: Surgery Date: 2009-10 Impact factor: 3.982
Authors: Timothy M Pawlik; Ana Luiza Gleisner; Luca Vigano; David A Kooby; Todd W Bauer; Andrea Frilling; Reid B Adams; Charles A Staley; Eduardo N Trindade; Richard D Schulick; Michael A Choti; Lorenzo Capussotti Journal: J Gastrointest Surg Date: 2007-09-11 Impact factor: 3.452