André B Coelho1,2, Fábio Y Nakamura3,4, Micaela C Morgado5, Francisco Alves6, Angela Di Baldassarre3, Andrew Flatt7, Luis Rama1. 1. Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity Centro de Investigação em Desporto e Atividade Física (CIDAF), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 2. Portuguese Canoe Federation Team, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. 3. Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. 4. The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. 5. Faculty of Sports of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. 6. Interdisciplinary Center of Human Performance Studies (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetic, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. 7. Department of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States.
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a predictive explanatory model for the 1,000-m time-trial (TT) performance in young national-level kayakers, from biomechanical and physiological parameters assessed in a maximal graded exercise test (GXT). Twelve young male flat-water kayakers (age 16.1 ± 1.1 years) participated in the study. The design consisted of 2 exercise protocols, separated by 48 h, on a kayak ergometer. The first protocol consisted of a GXT starting at 8 km.h-1 with increments in speed of 1 km.h-1 at each 2-min interval until exhaustion. The second protocol comprised the 1,000-m TT. Results: In the GXT, they reached an absolute V ∙ O 2max of 3.5 ± 0.7 (L.min-1), a maximum aerobic power (MAP) of 138.5 ± 24.5 watts (W) and a maximum aerobic speed (MAS) of 12.8 ± 0.5 km/h. The TT had a mean duration of 292.3 ± 15 s, a power output of 132.6 ± 22.0 W and a V ∙ O 2max of 3.5 ± 0.6 (L.min-1). The regression model [TT (s) = 413.378-0.433 × (MAP)-0.554 × (stroke rate at MAP)] presented an R 2 = 84.5%. Conclusion: It was found that V ∙ O 2max , stroke distance and stroke rate during the GXT were not different from the corresponding variables ( V ∙ O 2peak , stroke distance and stroke rate) observed during the TT. The MAP and the corresponding stroke rate were strong predicting factors of 1,000 m TT performance. In conclusion, the TT can be useful for quantifying biomechanical parameters (stroke distance and stroke rate) and to monitor training induced changes in the cardiorespiratory fitness ( V ∙ O 2max ).
This study aimed to develop a predictive explanatory model for the 1,000-m time-trial (TT) performance in young national-level kayakers, from biomechanical and physiological parameters assessed in a maximal graded exercise test (GXT). Twelve young male flat-water kayakers (age 16.1 ± 1.1 years) participated in the study. The design consisted of 2 exercise protocols, separated by 48 h, on a kayak ergometer. The first protocol consisted of a GXT starting at 8 km.h-1 with increments in speed of 1 km.h-1 at each 2-min interval until exhaustion. The second protocol comprised the 1,000-m TT. Results: In the GXT, they reached an absolute V ∙ O 2max of 3.5 ± 0.7 (L.min-1), a maximum aerobic power (MAP) of 138.5 ± 24.5 watts (W) and a maximum aerobic speed (MAS) of 12.8 ± 0.5 km/h. The TT had a mean duration of 292.3 ± 15 s, a power output of 132.6 ± 22.0 W and a V ∙ O 2max of 3.5 ± 0.6 (L.min-1). The regression model [TT (s) = 413.378-0.433 × (MAP)-0.554 × (stroke rate at MAP)] presented an R 2 = 84.5%. Conclusion: It was found that V ∙ O 2max , stroke distance and stroke rate during the GXT were not different from the corresponding variables ( V ∙ O 2peak , stroke distance and stroke rate) observed during the TT. The MAP and the corresponding stroke rate were strong predicting factors of 1,000 m TT performance. In conclusion, the TT can be useful for quantifying biomechanical parameters (stroke distance and stroke rate) and to monitor training induced changes in the cardiorespiratory fitness ( V ∙ O 2max ).
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