Sonti Roy1,2, Vasundhra Bhandari1, Madhumanti Barman1, Pankaj Kumar3, Vandna Bhanot4, Jaspreet Singh Arora5, Satparkash Singh5, Paresh Sharma1. 1. National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India. 2. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. 3. Division of Livestock and Fisheries Management, ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, India. 4. Disease Investigation Laboratory, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ambala, India. 5. School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Punjab, India.
Abstract
Background: Apicomplexan parasite Theileria annulata causes significant economic loss to the livestock industry in India and other tropical countries. In India, parasite control is mainly dependent on the live attenuated schizont vaccine and the drug buparvaquone. For effective disease control, it is essential to study the population structure and genetic diversity of the Theileria annulata field isolates and vaccine currently used in India. Methodology/ Results: A total of 125 T. annulata isolates were genotyped using 10 microsatellite markers from four states belonging to different geographical locations of India. Limited genetic diversity was observed in the vaccine isolates when compared to the parasites in the field; a level of geographical substructuring was evident in India. The number of genotypes observed per infection was highest in India when compared to other endemic countries, suggesting high transmission intensity and abundance of ticks in the country. A reduced panel of four markers can be used for future studies in these for surveillance of the T. annulata parasites in India. Conclusion: High genetic variation between the parasite populations in the country suggests their successful spread in the field and could hamper the disease control programs. Our findings provide the baseline data for the diversity and population structure of T. annulata parasites from India. The low diversity in the vaccine advocates improving the current vaccine, possibly by increasing its heterozygosity. The reduced panel of the markers identified in this study will be helpful in monitoring parasite and its reintroduction after Theileria eradication.
Background: Apicomplexan parasite Theileria annulata causes significant economic loss to the livestock industry in India and other tropical countries. In India, parasite control is mainly dependent on the live attenuated schizont vaccine and the drug buparvaquone. For effective disease control, it is essential to study the population structure and genetic diversity of the Theileria annulata field isolates and vaccine currently used in India. Methodology/ Results: A total of 125 T. annulata isolates were genotyped using 10 microsatellite markers from four states belonging to different geographical locations of India. Limited genetic diversity was observed in the vaccine isolates when compared to the parasites in the field; a level of geographical substructuring was evident in India. The number of genotypes observed per infection was highest in India when compared to other endemic countries, suggesting high transmission intensity and abundance of ticks in the country. A reduced panel of four markers can be used for future studies in these for surveillance of the T. annulata parasites in India. Conclusion: High genetic variation between the parasite populations in the country suggests their successful spread in the field and could hamper the disease control programs. Our findings provide the baseline data for the diversity and population structure of T. annulata parasites from India. The low diversity in the vaccine advocates improving the current vaccine, possibly by increasing its heterozygosity. The reduced panel of the markers identified in this study will be helpful in monitoring parasite and its reintroduction after Theileria eradication.
Authors: Magnus Manske; Olivo Miotto; Susana Campino; Sarah Auburn; Jacob Almagro-Garcia; Gareth Maslen; Jack O'Brien; Abdoulaye Djimde; Ogobara Doumbo; Issaka Zongo; Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo; Pascal Michon; Ivo Mueller; Peter Siba; Alexis Nzila; Steffen Borrmann; Steven M Kiara; Kevin Marsh; Hongying Jiang; Xin-Zhuan Su; Chanaki Amaratunga; Rick Fairhurst; Duong Socheat; Francois Nosten; Mallika Imwong; Nicholas J White; Mandy Sanders; Elisa Anastasi; Dan Alcock; Eleanor Drury; Samuel Oyola; Michael A Quail; Daniel J Turner; Valentin Ruano-Rubio; Dushyanth Jyothi; Lucas Amenga-Etego; Christina Hubbart; Anna Jeffreys; Kate Rowlands; Colin Sutherland; Cally Roper; Valentina Mangano; David Modiano; John C Tan; Michael T Ferdig; Alfred Amambua-Ngwa; David J Conway; Shannon Takala-Harrison; Christopher V Plowe; Julian C Rayner; Kirk A Rockett; Taane G Clark; Chris I Newbold; Matthew Berriman; Bronwyn MacInnis; Dominic P Kwiatkowski Journal: Nature Date: 2012-07-19 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Salama Al-Hamidhi; Asia Parveen; Furhan Iqbal; Muhammad Asif; Naheed Akhtar; Elshafie I Elshafie; Albano Beja-Pereira; Hamza A Babiker Journal: Pathogens Date: 2022-03-10