Mohammad Alturki1,2, Keliane Liberman1,2, Andreas Delaere1,2, Liza De Dobbeleer1,2,3, Veerle Knoop1,2, Tony Mets1,2,3, Siddhartha Lieten1,2,3, Bert Bravenboer1,2,3, Ingo Beyer1,2,3, Ivan Bautmans4,5,6. 1. Gerontology Department (GERO), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. 2. Frailty in Aging Research Group (FRIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. 3. Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. 4. Gerontology Department (GERO), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. ivan.bautmans@vub.be. 5. Frailty in Aging Research Group (FRIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. ivan.bautmans@vub.be. 6. Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. ivan.bautmans@vub.be.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Antihypertensive drugs (AHTD) and statins have been shown to have effects beyond their primarily designed purpose; here we investigate their possible effect on muscle performance and strength in older adults following a physical exercise programme. DESIGN: The Senior PRoject INtensive Training (SPRINT) study is a randomised, controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the immune system and muscle performance in older adults. PARTICIPANTS: In this secondary analysis, we included 179 independent participants (aged 65 years and above). We applied further categorisation based on medication use: AHTD (including, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEI], angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARB], β-blockers, and other AHTD) and statins. INTERVENTION: Participants were allocated randomly to one of the three exercise protocols: intensive strength training 3 times/week (3 × 10 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum), strength endurance training (2 × 30 repetitions at 40% of one-repetition maximum), or control (passive stretching exercise) for 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The change in maximal hand grip strength (GS), muscle fatigue resistance (FR), Muscle Strength Index (MSI), the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) were assessed before and after 6 weeks of training. RESULTS: After 6 weeks, muscle strength (MSI and TUG) improved significantly in all training groups compared to baseline, independently of AHTD use. Moreover, AHTD had no effect on exercise improvements, with no significant differences between medication groups, except for TUG in ARB users, which exhibited a significantly lower performance. On the other hand, statin users presented a significantly longer FR time, indicating better performance compared to non-users. Finally, medication did not affect the participants' commitment to the training programme. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that statins and ARB usage might affect participant's response to strength training. Nevertheless, 6 weeks of training significantly improved muscle strength and performance irrespective of AHTD or statin use.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: Antihypertensive drugs (AHTD) and statins have been shown to have effects beyond their primarily designed purpose; here we investigate their possible effect on muscle performance and strength in older adults following a physical exercise programme. DESIGN: The Senior PRoject INtensive Training (SPRINT) study is a randomised, controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the immune system and muscle performance in older adults. PARTICIPANTS: In this secondary analysis, we included 179 independent participants (aged 65 years and above). We applied further categorisation based on medication use: AHTD (including, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEI], angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARB], β-blockers, and other AHTD) and statins. INTERVENTION: Participants were allocated randomly to one of the three exercise protocols: intensive strength training 3 times/week (3 × 10 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum), strength endurance training (2 × 30 repetitions at 40% of one-repetition maximum), or control (passive stretching exercise) for 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The change in maximal hand grip strength (GS), muscle fatigue resistance (FR), Muscle Strength Index (MSI), the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) were assessed before and after 6 weeks of training. RESULTS: After 6 weeks, muscle strength (MSI and TUG) improved significantly in all training groups compared to baseline, independently of AHTD use. Moreover, AHTD had no effect on exercise improvements, with no significant differences between medication groups, except for TUG in ARB users, which exhibited a significantly lower performance. On the other hand, statin users presented a significantly longer FR time, indicating better performance compared to non-users. Finally, medication did not affect the participants' commitment to the training programme. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that statins and ARB usage might affect participant's response to strength training. Nevertheless, 6 weeks of training significantly improved muscle strength and performance irrespective of AHTD or statin use.
Authors: Michael Gleeson; Nicolette C Bishop; David J Stensel; Martin R Lindley; Sarabjit S Mastana; Myra A Nimmo Journal: Nat Rev Immunol Date: 2011-08-05 Impact factor: 53.106
Authors: E Dent; J E Morley; A J Cruz-Jentoft; H Arai; S B Kritchevsky; J Guralnik; J M Bauer; M Pahor; B C Clark; M Cesari; J Ruiz; C C Sieber; M Aubertin-Leheudre; D L Waters; R Visvanathan; F Landi; D T Villareal; R Fielding; C W Won; O Theou; F C Martin; B Dong; J Woo; L Flicker; L Ferrucci; R A Merchant; L Cao; T Cederholm; S M L Ribeiro; L Rodríguez-Mañas; S D Anker; J Lundy; L M Gutiérrez Robledo; I Bautmans; I Aprahamian; J M G A Schols; M Izquierdo; B Vellas Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2018 Impact factor: 4.075
Authors: Matteo Cesari; Stephen B Kritchevsky; Hal H Atkinson; Brenda W Penninx; Mauro Di Bari; Russell P Tracy; Marco Pahor Journal: Am Heart J Date: 2009-02 Impact factor: 4.749
Authors: Alfonso J Cruz-Jentoft; Gülistan Bahat; Jürgen Bauer; Yves Boirie; Olivier Bruyère; Tommy Cederholm; Cyrus Cooper; Francesco Landi; Yves Rolland; Avan Aihie Sayer; Stéphane M Schneider; Cornel C Sieber; Eva Topinkova; Maurits Vandewoude; Marjolein Visser; Mauro Zamboni Journal: Age Ageing Date: 2019-01-01 Impact factor: 10.668
Authors: Alfonso J Cruz-Jentoft; Francesco Landi; Stéphane M Schneider; Clemente Zúñiga; Hidenori Arai; Yves Boirie; Liang-Kung Chen; Roger A Fielding; Finbarr C Martin; Jean-Pierre Michel; Cornel Sieber; Jeffrey R Stout; Stephanie A Studenski; Bruno Vellas; Jean Woo; Mauro Zamboni; Tommy Cederholm Journal: Age Ageing Date: 2014-09-21 Impact factor: 10.668
Authors: Vinícius A Coelho; Vanessa S Probst; Bruna M Nogari; Denilson C Teixeira; Josiane M Felcar; Denis C Santos; Marcus Vinícius M Gomes; Rodrigo A C Andraus; Karen B P Fernandes Journal: J Phys Ther Sci Date: 2016-02-29
Authors: Douglas E Long; Kate Kosmac; Cory M Dungan; Marcas M Bamman; Charlotte A Peterson; Philip A Kern Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2022-04-14 Impact factor: 4.755