Explainable drug sensitivity prediction through cancer pathway enrichment.

Computational approaches to predict drug sensitivity can promote precision anticancer therapeutics. Generalizable and explainable models are of critical importance for translation to guide personalized treatment and are often overlooked in favor of prediction performance. Here, we propose PathDSP: a pathway-based model for drug sensitivity prediction that integrates chemical structure information with enrichment of cancer signaling pathways across drug-associated genes, gene expression, mutation and copy number variation data to predict drug response on the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer dataset. Using a deep neural network, we outperform state-of-the-art deep learning models, while demonstrating good generalizability a separate dataset of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia as well as provide explainable results, demonstrated through case studies that are in line with current knowledge. Additionally, our pathway-based model achieved a good performance when predicting unseen drugs and cells, with potential utility for drug development and for guiding individualized medicine.