Giuseppe Pezzotti1,2,3,4,5, Francesco Boschetto6,7, Eriko Ohgitani7, Yuki Fujita6, Wenliang Zhu6, Elia Marin6,8, Bryan J McEntire9, B Sonny Bal9, Osam Mazda7. 1. Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan. pezzotti@kit.ac.jp. 2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. pezzotti@kit.ac.jp. 3. The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0854, Japan. pezzotti@kit.ac.jp. 4. Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. pezzotti@kit.ac.jp. 5. Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. pezzotti@kit.ac.jp. 6. Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan. 7. Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. 8. Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. 9. SINTX Technologies Corporation, 1885 West 2100 South, Salt Lake City, UT, 84119, USA.
Abstract
Surface inactivation of human microbial pathogens has a long history. The Smith Papyrus (2600 ~ 2200 B.C.) described the use of copper surfaces to sterilize chest wounds and drinking water. Brass and bronze on doorknobs can discourage microbial spread in hospitals, and metal-base surface coatings are used in hygiene-sensitive environments, both as inactivators and modulators of cellular immunity. A limitation of these approaches is that the reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) generated at metal surfaces also damage human cells by oxidizing their proteins and lipids. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a non-oxide ceramic compound with known surface bacterial resistance. We show here that off-stoichiometric reactions at Si3N4 surfaces are also capable of inactivating different types of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses independent of whether their structure presents an envelop or not. The antiviral property of Si3N4 derives from a hydrolysis reaction at its surface and the subsequent formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in doses that could be metabolized by mammalian cells but are lethal to pathogens. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests of viral RNA and in situ Raman spectroscopy suggested that the products of Si3N4 hydrolysis directly react with viral proteins and RNA. Si3N4 may have a role in controlling human epidemics related to ssRNA mutant viruses.
Surface inactivation of human microbial pathogen class="Gene">ns has a long history. The Smith Papyrus (2600 ~ 2200 B.C.) described the use of copper surfaces to sterilize chest wounds and drinking water. Brass and bronze on doorknobs can discourage microbial spread in hospitals, and metal-base surface coatings are used in hygiene-sensitive environments, both as inactivators and modulators of cellular immunity. A limitation of these approaches is that the reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) generated at metal surfaces also damage human cells by oxidizing their proteins and lipids. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a non-oxide ceramic compound with known surface bacterial resistance. We show here that off-stoichiometric reactions at Si3N4 surfaces are also capable of inactivating different types of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses independent of whether their structure presents an envelop or not. The antiviral property of Si3N4 derives from a hydrolysis reaction at its surface and the subsequent formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in doses that could be metabolized by mammalian cells but are lethal to pathogens. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests of viral RNA and in situ Raman spectroscopy suggested that the products of Si3N4 hydrolysis directly react with viral proteins and RNA. Si3N4 may have a role in controlling human epidemics related to ssRNA mutant viruses.
Authors: Giuseppe Pezzotti; Ryan M Bock; Bryan J McEntire; Tetsuya Adachi; Elia Marin; Francesco Boschetto; Wenliang Zhu; Osam Mazda; Sonny B Bal Journal: Analyst Date: 2018-07-23 Impact factor: 4.616
Authors: Mazhar Hussain; Henry D Galvin; Tatt Y Haw; Ashley N Nutsford; Matloob Husain Journal: Infect Drug Resist Date: 2017-04-20 Impact factor: 4.003
Authors: Patrick Voos; Sebastian Fuck; Fabian Weipert; Laura Babel; Dominique Tandl; Tobias Meckel; Stephanie Hehlgans; Claudia Fournier; Anna Moroni; Franz Rödel; Gerhard Thiel Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2018-04-30 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Charlotte Skjöldebrand; Joanne L Tipper; Peter Hatto; Michael Bryant; Richard M Hall; Cecilia Persson Journal: Mater Today Bio Date: 2022-04-30