Natacha M De Genna1, Lidush Goldschmidt2, Gale A Richardson3, Marie D Cornelius4, Nancy L Day5. 1. Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology in the Graduate School of Public Health, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: degennan@pitt.edu. 2. UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, 817 Bellefield Towers, 100 N. Bellefield Ave, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: lidush@pitt.edu. 3. Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology in the Graduate School of Public Health, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: gar@pitt.edu. 4. Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology in the Graduate School of Public Health, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: mdc@pitt.edu. 5. Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology in the Graduate School of Public Health, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: nday@pitt.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Daily combustible cigarette use is common among cannabis users, and dual use of cigarettes and cannabis is associated with detrimental outcomes. This study addresses gaps in the literature by examining data from the prenatal and adolescent phases of a prospective, longitudinal study to predict adult daily dual use. METHODS: Young adult offspring (M age = 22.8 years, 53% female) from a prenatal cohort reported on combustible cigarette and cannabis use (N = 500, 58% Black, 42% White). Pathways to daily dual use were modeled using variables from the gestational and adolescent phases of the study including prenatal tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis exposures; ages at initiation of cigarettes and cannabis; and adolescent learning/memory, impulsivity, and behavior problems. RESULTS: Prenatal cannabis and tobacco use were not directly linked to adult daily dual use of cannabis and tobacco. However, structural equation modeling revealed three significant indirect pathways from prenatal cigarette and cannabis exposures to adult daily dual use of cigarettes and cannabis via early cigarette initiation, early cannabis initiation, and adolescent behavior problems. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified pathways from prenatal cannabis and tobacco exposure to adult daily dual use, in addition to clarifying adolescent outcomes that may be part of the pathways. In a climate of growing acceptance of cannabis use and increasing legalization of recreational use, these findings serve as a warning that early exposure to cannabis may have an important role in shaping long-term dual use of tobacco and cannabis.
INTRODUCTION: Daily combustible cigarette use is common among cannabis users, and dual use of cigarettes and cannabis is associated with detrimental outcomes. This study addresses gaps in the literature by examining data from the prenatal and adolescent phases of a prospective, longitudinal study to predict adult daily dual use. METHODS: Young adult offspring (M age = 22.8 years, 53% female) from a prenatal cohort reported on combustible cigarette and cannabis use (N = 500, 58% Black, 42% White). Pathways to daily dual use were modeled using variables from the gestational and adolescent phases of the study including prenatal tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis exposures; ages at initiation of cigarettes and cannabis; and adolescent learning/memory, impulsivity, and behavior problems. RESULTS: Prenatal cannabis and tobacco use were not directly linked to adult daily dual use of cannabis and tobacco. However, structural equation modeling revealed three significant indirect pathways from prenatal cigarette and cannabis exposures to adult daily dual use of cigarettes and cannabis via early cigarette initiation, early cannabis initiation, and adolescent behavior problems. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified pathways from prenatal cannabis and tobacco exposure to adult daily dual use, in addition to clarifying adolescent outcomes that may be part of the pathways. In a climate of growing acceptance of cannabis use and increasing legalization of recreational use, these findings serve as a warning that early exposure to cannabis may have an important role in shaping long-term dual use of tobacco and cannabis.
Authors: Danielle M Smith; Connor Miller; Richard J O'Connor; Lynn T Kozlowski; Elle Wadsworth; Brian V Fix; R Lorraine Collins; Binnian Wei; Maciej L Goniewicz; Andrew J Hyland; David Hammond Journal: Subst Abus Date: 2020-01-17 Impact factor: 3.716
Authors: Ami S Ikeda; Valerie S Knopik; L Cinnamon Bidwell; Stephanie H Parade; Sherryl H Goodman; Eugene K Emory; Rohan H C Palmer Journal: Toxics Date: 2022-01-05