Zhonghai Zhu1,2, Christopher R Sudfeld2, Yue Cheng3, Qi Qi1, Shaoru Li1, Mohamed Elhoumed1,4, Wenfang Yang5, Suying Chang6, Michael J Dibley7, Lingxia Zeng8,9, Wafaie W Fawzi2. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China. 2. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Department of Nutrition and Food Safety Research, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China. 4. National Institute of Public Health Research (INRSP), BP. 695, Nouakchott, Mauritania. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. 6. United Nations Children's Fund, China Office, Beijing, 100600, People's Republic of China. 7. The Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 8. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China. tjzlx@mail.xjtu.edu.cn. 9. Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. tjzlx@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence on anemia and associated factors among young adolescent girls and boys in rural western China is limited. METHODS: We used data from a follow-up study of adolescents (10-14 years) born to women who participated in a randomized trial ofantenatal micronutrient supplementationin western China. Anemia was defined by World Health Organization standards. Logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with anemia. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anemia was 11.7% (178/1517). Female adolescents were 1.73 (95% CI 1.21, 2.48) times more likely to have anemia as compared to males. Adolescents whose mothers had completed high school were 0.35 (95% CI 0.13, 0.93) times less likely to be anemic, compared to those of whom had < 3 years of formal education. Household wealth was also inversely associated with anemia. The association of puberty status with anemia was modified by adolescent sex (P-value for interaction was 0.04); males with greater than mild pubertal development had reduced odds (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15, 0.83) of anemia while there was no association among females (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.29, 1.78). Consumption of flesh foods (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38, 0.89), eggs (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38, 0.93), and having a meal frequency of three times or more per day (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48, 0.96) were also associated with a lower likelihood of anemia. CONCLUSIONS:Anemia was a mild public health problem among young adolescents in rural western China. Nutritional and social determinants were identified as predictors, warranting interventions to reduce the risk of anemia among this critical age group.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Evidence on anemia and associated factors among young adolescent girls and boys in rural western China is limited. METHODS: We used data from a follow-up study of adolescents (10-14 years) born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in western China. Anemia was defined by World Health Organization standards. Logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with anemia. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anemia was 11.7% (178/1517). Female adolescents were 1.73 (95% CI 1.21, 2.48) times more likely to have anemia as compared to males. Adolescents whose mothers had completed high school were 0.35 (95% CI 0.13, 0.93) times less likely to be anemic, compared to those of whom had < 3 years of formal education. Household wealth was also inversely associated with anemia. The association of puberty status with anemia was modified by adolescent sex (P-value for interaction was 0.04); males with greater than mild pubertal development had reduced odds (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15, 0.83) of anemia while there was no association among females (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.29, 1.78). Consumption of flesh foods (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38, 0.89), eggs (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38, 0.93), and having a meal frequency of three times or more per day (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48, 0.96) were also associated with a lower likelihood of anemia. CONCLUSIONS:Anemia was a mild public health problem among young adolescents in rural western China. Nutritional and social determinants were identified as predictors, warranting interventions to reduce the risk of anemia among this critical age group.
Entities:
Keywords:
Adolescent; Anemia; Associated factors; Dietary intake; Puberty development; Rural western China; Social determinant
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