Woojung Yang1, Jong Hun Lee2, Jae-Woo Lee1, Yonghwan Kim1, Ye-Seul Kim1, Hyo-Sun You1, Hee-Taik Kang1,3. 1. Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea. 2. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea. 3. Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
Abstract
(1) Background: Subclinical inflammation as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases was clinically measured using C-reactive protein (CRP) level. (2) Methods: This study was cross-sectionally designed based the 2015-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The ratio of daily omega-3 fatty acids to energy intake (ω3FA ratio) was classified into four quartile groups (Q1, <0.3%; Q2, 0.3%-<0.6%; Q3, 0.6%-<1.0%; and Q4, ≥1.0% in both sexes). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the ω3FA ratio and subclinical inflammation defined as CRP levels ≥3 mg/dL. (3) Results: The ω3FA ratio in subjects without and with subclinical inflammation was 0.8% and 0.7% in men (p-value = 0.001), and 0.8% and 0.8% in women (p-value = 0.491), respectively. The prevalence of subclinical inflammation in males decreased with increasing quartile of ω3FA ratio (12.9%, 9.6%, 7.4%, and 7.7%, p-value = 0.033), while female prevalence was not significant among quartile groups. Compared to Q1, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for subclinical inflammation of Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.740 (0.465-1.177), 0.564 (0.341-0.930), and 0.549 (0.317-0.953) in males, and 1.066 (0.653-1.741), 1.105 (0.600-1.718), and 0.934 (0.556-1.571) in females after full adjustment. (4) Conclusion: The ω3FA ratio is associated with subclinical inflammation in men.
(1) Background: Subclinical inflammation as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases was clinically measured using C-reactive protein (CRP) level. (2) Methods: This study was cross-sectionally designed based the 2015-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The ratio of daily omega-3 fatty acids to energy intake (ω3FA ratio) was classified into four quartile groups (Q1, <0.3%; Q2, 0.3%-<0.6%; Q3, 0.6%-<1.0%; and Q4, ≥1.0% in both sexes). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the ω3FA ratio and subclinical inflammation defined as CRP levels ≥3 mg/dL. (3) Results: The ω3FA ratio in subjects without and with subclinical inflammation was 0.8% and 0.7% in men (p-value = 0.001), and 0.8% and 0.8% in women (p-value = 0.491), respectively. The prevalence of subclinical inflammation in males decreased with increasing quartile of ω3FA ratio (12.9%, 9.6%, 7.4%, and 7.7%, p-value = 0.033), while female prevalence was not significant among quartile groups. Compared to Q1, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for subclinical inflammation of Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.740 (0.465-1.177), 0.564 (0.341-0.930), and 0.549 (0.317-0.953) in males, and 1.066 (0.653-1.741), 1.105 (0.600-1.718), and 0.934 (0.556-1.571) in females after full adjustment. (4) Conclusion: The ω3FA ratio is associated with subclinical inflammation in men.
Authors: Paolo Raggi; Jacques Genest; Jon T Giles; Katey J Rayner; Girish Dwivedi; Robert S Beanlands; Milan Gupta Journal: Atherosclerosis Date: 2018-07-25 Impact factor: 5.162