Smita Sihag1, Geoffrey Y Ku2, Kay See Tan3, Samuel Nussenzweig1, Abraham Wu4, Yelena Y Janjigian2, David R Jones1, Daniela Molena5. 1. Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. 2. Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. 4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. 5. Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. Electronic address: molenad@mskcc.org.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the safety and feasibility of esophagectomy after neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in clinical trial patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients who were treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (n = 25) or chemoradiotherapy alone (n = 143) at our institution between 2017 and 2020. The primary end point was risk of 30-day major complications (Clavien-Dindo classification system grade ≥ 3), which was assessed between groups using a multivariable log-binomial regression model to obtain adjusted relative risk ratios. Secondary end points were interval to surgery, 30-day readmission rate, and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: All included patients successfully completed neoadjuvant therapy and underwent esophagectomy with negative margins. Age, sex, performance status, clinical stage, histologic subtype, procedure type, and operative approach were similar between groups. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy was not associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of developing a major pulmonary (relative risk, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-3.84; P = .5), anastomotic (relative risk, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-3.94; P = .6), or other complication (relative risk, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-6.28; P = .8). Median (interquartile range) interval to surgery was 54 days (47-61 days) in the immune checkpoint inhibitor group versus 53 days (47-66 days) in the control group (P = .6). Minimally invasive approaches were successful in 72% of cases, with only 1 conversion. Thirty-day mortality and readmission rates were 0% and 17%, respectively, in the immune checkpoint inhibitor group and 1.4% and 13%, respectively, in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our preliminary experience, esophagectomy appears to be safe and feasible following combined neoadjuvant immunotherapy and standard chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the safety and feasibility of esophagectomy after neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in clinical trial patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients who were treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (n = 25) or chemoradiotherapy alone (n = 143) at our institution between 2017 and 2020. The primary end point was risk of 30-day major complications (Clavien-Dindo classification system grade ≥ 3), which was assessed between groups using a multivariable log-binomial regression model to obtain adjusted relative risk ratios. Secondary end points were interval to surgery, 30-day readmission rate, and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: All included patients successfully completed neoadjuvant therapy and underwent esophagectomy with negative margins. Age, sex, performance status, clinical stage, histologic subtype, procedure type, and operative approach were similar between groups. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy was not associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of developing a major pulmonary (relative risk, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-3.84; P = .5), anastomotic (relative risk, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-3.94; P = .6), or other complication (relative risk, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-6.28; P = .8). Median (interquartile range) interval to surgery was 54 days (47-61 days) in the immune checkpoint inhibitor group versus 53 days (47-66 days) in the control group (P = .6). Minimally invasive approaches were successful in 72% of cases, with only 1 conversion. Thirty-day mortality and readmission rates were 0% and 17%, respectively, in the immune checkpoint inhibitor group and 1.4% and 13%, respectively, in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our preliminary experience, esophagectomy appears to be safe and feasible following combined neoadjuvant immunotherapy and standard chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer.
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