Urban Schwegler1,2, Christine Fekete3,4, Monika Finger3,4, Katarzyna Karcz3,4, Stefan Staubli5, Martin W G Brinkhof3,4. 1. Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland. urban.schwegler@paraplegie.ch. 2. Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Nottwil, Switzerland. urban.schwegler@paraplegie.ch. 3. Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland. 4. Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Nottwil, Switzerland. 5. Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal, population-based survey. OBJECTIVE: To examine determinants of between-person differences in labor market participation of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in Switzerland and their potential importance for policy. SETTING: Community. METHODS: Longitudinal information on labor market participation (i.e., paid work or not) was obtained from 1198 and 1035 individuals of working-age participating in the 2012 and 2017 SwiSCI community survey, respectively. Determinants of between-person variation in labor market participation were examined using mixed effects logistic regression, controlling for within-person variation. Employment rates were predicted using counterfactual data for modifiable determinants. RESULTS: The employment rate was 56% for the 2012 and 61% for the 2017 survey. Labor market participation was affected mostly by static (sex, nationality, SCI severity), temporal (age), dynamic (education level, functional independence, chronic pain), and policy-related (general pension, disability pension level) determinants. Counterfactual (what-if) predictions indicated the highest improvement of employment rates for strategies that increase functional independence (up to 6% increase), foster education (5%), reduce chronic pain (2%), or promote a shift to partial disability pensions (15%). CONCLUSIONS: Between-person variation in labor market participation of persons with SCI is influenced by various temporal, static, dynamic, and policy-related determinants. Our results suggest that policy strategies aimed at enhancing the employment rate of the Swiss SCI population may particularly invest in programs promoting functional independence, education, and partial pension levels that are more adequate for ensuring sustainable employment.
STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal, population-based survey. OBJECTIVE: To examine determinants of between-person differences in labor market participation of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in Switzerland and their potential importance for policy. SETTING: Community. METHODS: Longitudinal information on labor market participation (i.e., paid work or not) was obtained from 1198 and 1035 individuals of working-age participating in the 2012 and 2017 SwiSCI community survey, respectively. Determinants of between-person variation in labor market participation were examined using mixed effects logistic regression, controlling for within-person variation. Employment rates were predicted using counterfactual data for modifiable determinants. RESULTS: The employment rate was 56% for the 2012 and 61% for the 2017 survey. Labor market participation was affected mostly by static (sex, nationality, SCI severity), temporal (age), dynamic (education level, functional independence, chronic pain), and policy-related (general pension, disability pension level) determinants. Counterfactual (what-if) predictions indicated the highest improvement of employment rates for strategies that increase functional independence (up to 6% increase), foster education (5%), reduce chronic pain (2%), or promote a shift to partial disability pensions (15%). CONCLUSIONS: Between-person variation in labor market participation of persons with SCI is influenced by various temporal, static, dynamic, and policy-related determinants. Our results suggest that policy strategies aimed at enhancing the employment rate of the Swiss SCI population may particularly invest in programs promoting functional independence, education, and partial pension levels that are more adequate for ensuring sustainable employment.