Jing Nie1, Adrienne O'Neil2, Bing Liao3, Chuntian Lu1, Dagfinn Aune4, Yafeng Wang5. 1. Department of Sociology & Institute for Empirical Social Science Research, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. 2. The Centre for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia. 3. School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: wonyhfon@whu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The estimated global burden of suicide is almost 1 million deaths per year, representing 57% of all violent deaths worldwide. In order to better identify at risk individuals and develop effective prevention strategies at the population level, a comprehensive understanding of the biological, psychological and social risk factors is required. METHOD: Data from the National Health Interview Survey (1997- 2004) were analyzed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: During a mean 6.3 years of follow-up of 242, 952 people (1.56 million person-years), 180 deaths due to suicide occurred. Of 18 risk factors, eight revealed associations with suicide. Participants who had never been married (HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.44-4.62), current smokers (HR, 2.26; 1.49-3.43), current drinkers (HR, 1.93; 1.14-3.27]), participants with serious psychological distress (HR, 3.34; 1.81-6.18), and a history of emphysema (HR, 2.79; 1.18-6.59), liver disease (HR, 4.63; 2.10-10.20), kidney disease (HR, 2.26; 1.00-5.06) and cancer (HR, 2.18; 1.32-3.59) were at increased risk of completed suicide. LIMITATIONS: Due to the observational nature of this study, we cannot exclude the possibility of reverse or bi-directional causality. CONCLUSIONS: This large, prospective cohort study identified a series of biopsychosocial risk factors that may have utility in suicide prevention.
BACKGROUND: The estimated global burden of suicide is almost 1 million deaths per year, representing 57% of all violent deaths worldwide. In order to better identify at risk individuals and develop effective prevention strategies at the population level, a comprehensive understanding of the biological, psychological and social risk factors is required. METHOD: Data from the National Health Interview Survey (1997- 2004) were analyzed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: During a mean 6.3 years of follow-up of 242, 952 people (1.56 million person-years), 180 deaths due to suicide occurred. Of 18 risk factors, eight revealed associations with suicide. Participants who had never been married (HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.44-4.62), current smokers (HR, 2.26; 1.49-3.43), current drinkers (HR, 1.93; 1.14-3.27]), participants with serious psychological distress (HR, 3.34; 1.81-6.18), and a history of emphysema (HR, 2.79; 1.18-6.59), liver disease (HR, 4.63; 2.10-10.20), kidney disease (HR, 2.26; 1.00-5.06) and cancer (HR, 2.18; 1.32-3.59) were at increased risk of completed suicide. LIMITATIONS: Due to the observational nature of this study, we cannot exclude the possibility of reverse or bi-directional causality. CONCLUSIONS: This large, prospective cohort study identified a series of biopsychosocial risk factors that may have utility in suicide prevention.
Authors: Joanna M Streck; Maria A Parker; Benjamin Bearnot; Kelly Kalagher; Stacey C Sigmon; Renee D Goodwin; Andrea H Weinberger Journal: Subst Use Misuse Date: 2022-03-02 Impact factor: 2.362