Rofyda H Aly1, Amr E Ahmed1, Walaa G Hozayen2, Alaa Mohamed Rabea3, Tarek M Ali4,5, Ahmad El Askary6,7, Osama M Ahmed8. 1. Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. 2. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. 3. Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. 4. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. 5. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. 6. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. 7. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine (New Damietta), Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 8. Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DNP) is a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) chronic complication, which is the largest single cause of end-stage kidney disease. There is an increasing evidence of the role of inflammation and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as part of innate immune system in its development and progression. In addition, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) downward signaling causes the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which can induce insulin (INS) resistance in T2DM. Objective: The goal of this study was to estimate the expression of TLRs (TLR2 and TLR4) in relation to inflammation and INS resistance in nephrotic type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal failure and to discuss the role of these TLRs in DNP progression. Patients and Methods: In this study, blood samples were obtained from type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal failure, and patients with non-diabetic renal failure were compared to healthy controls. All participants were tested for analysis of fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin, kidney function tests, C-reactive protein (CRP), and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as well as expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood (PB). Statistical analysis of data was done by using SPSS. Results: Diabetic patients with renal failure exhibited significant increase in TLR2, TLR4 mRNA expression in PB in comparison with normal subjects, diabetic patients without renal failure and non-diabetic patients with renal failure. Both diabetic patients with or without kidney failure and non-diabetic patients with renal failure had increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression in association with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6) compared to normal subjects. The diabetic patients with kidney failure exhibited the highest elevation of TLRs, Th1 cytokines and CRP in association the highest record of insulin resistance. Conclusion: Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 increased expression and Th2 cytokines may have an important role in the progression of DNP and deteriorations in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, TLR2 and TLR4 may be a promising therapeutic target to prevent or retard DNP in type 2 diabetic patients.
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DNP) is a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) chronic complication, which is the largest single cause of end-stage kidney disease. There is an increasing evidence of the role of inflammation and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as part of innate immune system in its development and progression. In addition, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) downward signaling causes the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which can induce insulin (INS) resistance in T2DM. Objective: The goal of this study was to estimate the expression of TLRs (TLR2 and TLR4) in relation to inflammation and INS resistance in nephrotic type 2 diabeticpatients with or without renal failure and to discuss the role of these TLRs in DNP progression. Patients and Methods: In this study, blood samples were obtained from type 2 diabeticpatients with or without renal failure, and patients with non-diabetic renal failure were compared to healthy controls. All participants were tested for analysis of fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin, kidney function tests, C-reactive protein (CRP), and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as well as expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood (PB). Statistical analysis of data was done by using SPSS. Results:Diabeticpatients with renal failure exhibited significant increase in TLR2, TLR4 mRNA expression in PB in comparison with normal subjects, diabeticpatients without renal failure and non-diabeticpatients with renal failure. Both diabeticpatients with or without kidney failure and non-diabeticpatients with renal failure had increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression in association with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6) compared to normal subjects. The diabeticpatients with kidney failure exhibited the highest elevation of TLRs, Th1 cytokines and CRP in association the highest record of insulin resistance. Conclusion:Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 increased expression and Th2 cytokines may have an important role in the progression of DNP and deteriorations in insulin resistance in type 2 diabeticpatients. Therefore, TLR2 and TLR4 may be a promising therapeutic target to prevent or retard DNP in type 2 diabeticpatients.
Authors: Ji Min Park; Ha Yoon Bong; Hye In Jeong; Yeon Kyoung Kim; Ji Yeon Kim; Oran Kwon Journal: Nutr Res Pract Date: 2009-12-31 Impact factor: 1.926