BACKGROUND/AIM: Increased apoptosis along with enhanced inflammation has been reported in hemodialysis and pre-dialysis patients. However, there is limited information at which stage during the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms is disturbed and inflammatory response is activated. The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations in apoptotic and inflammatory markers during CKD (stages 1-4) progression and the probable interactions between them. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 152 steady-state CKD outpatients (83 males, 55%) with mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 46 (29-76) ml/min/1.73 m(2) were studied. Apoptosis was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by estimating Bcl-2 expression, annexin V-propidium iodine staining and serum soluble Fas (sFas) and Fas-ligand. Serum levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 and plasma levels of fibrinogen were measured as markers of inflammation. RESULTS: Bcl-2 expression was found to decrease significantly in both lymphocytes and monocytes from CKD stage 1 to 4. In contrast, the activity of sFas increased significantly and so did the levels of TNF-α and fibrinogen. The majority of these alterations occurred as soon as patients entered stage 3 of CKD. A multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that CKD remained a significant predictor of the aggregate of the assessed markers. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis appeared to increase across CKD stages 1-4, and this was associated with increased proinflammatory activity.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Increased apoptosis along with enhanced inflammation has been reported in hemodialysis and pre-dialysis patients. However, there is limited information at which stage during the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms is disturbed and inflammatory response is activated. The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations in apoptotic and inflammatory markers during CKD (stages 1-4) progression and the probable interactions between them. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 152 steady-state CKD outpatients (83 males, 55%) with mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 46 (29-76) ml/min/1.73 m(2) were studied. Apoptosis was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by estimating Bcl-2 expression, annexin V-propidium iodine staining and serum soluble Fas (sFas) and Fas-ligand. Serum levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 and plasma levels of fibrinogen were measured as markers of inflammation. RESULTS:Bcl-2 expression was found to decrease significantly in both lymphocytes and monocytes from CKD stage 1 to 4. In contrast, the activity of sFas increased significantly and so did the levels of TNF-α and fibrinogen. The majority of these alterations occurred as soon as patients entered stage 3 of CKD. A multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that CKD remained a significant predictor of the aggregate of the assessed markers. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis appeared to increase across CKD stages 1-4, and this was associated with increased proinflammatory activity.
Authors: Silvia Pastori; Grazia Maria Virzì; Alessandra Brocca; Massimo de Cal; Anna Clementi; Giorgio Vescovo; Claudio Ronco Journal: Cardiorenal Med Date: 2015-02-11 Impact factor: 2.041
Authors: Madhusudan Ambarkar; Srinivasarao V L N Pemmaraju; Sivakrishna Gouroju; Suchitra M Manohar; Aparna R Bitla; Naresh Yajamanam; Sivakumar Vishnubhotla Journal: J Clin Diagn Res Date: 2016-01-01
Authors: Dorota Kamińska; Katarzyna Kościelska-Kasprzak; Paweł Chudoba; Oktawia Mazanowska; Mirosław Banasik; Marcelina Żabinska; Maria Boratyńska; Agnieszka Lepiesza; Krzysztof Korta; Agnieszka Gomółkiewicz; Piotr Dzięgiel; Marian Klinger Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2015-07-08 Impact factor: 3.411