Andrea Naldi1, Fabrizio Vallelonga2, Alessandra Di Liberto3, Roberto Cavallo3, Monica Agnesone4, Marco Gonella4, Maria Domenica Sauta5, Piergiorgio Lochner6, Giacomo Tondo7, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi8, Rossana Botto9, Paolo Leombruni9. 1. Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy; and Neurology Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Italy. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Italy. 3. Neurology Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Italy. 4. Psychology Unit, Local Health Authority of the City of Turin, Italy. 5. Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy. 6. Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Germany. 7. School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy. 8. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Ontario, Canada. 9. Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy; and Clinical Psychology Unit, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic changes in healthcare and severe social restrictions. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the front line against the virus and have been highly exposed to pandemic-related stressors, but there are limited data on their psychological involvement for a large sample in Italy. AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of anxiety, distress and burnout in HCWs of North-West Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to detect potential psychosocial factors associated with their emotional response. METHOD: This cross-sectional, survey-based study enrolled 797 HCWs. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale - Revised, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Form Y and the Maslach Burnout Inventory; demographic, family and work characteristics were also collected. Global psychological outcome, differences among professions and independent factors associated with worst psychological outcome were assessed. RESULTS: Almost a third of the sample had severe state anxiety and distress, high emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and low personal accomplishment. Distress was higher in women and nurses, whereas depersonalisation was higher in men. Family division, increased workload, job changes and frequent contact with COVID-19 were associated with worst psychological outcome. Trait anxiety was associated with significantly higher risk for developing state anxiety, distress and burnout. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated psychological burden related to the COVID-19 pandemic was observed in HCWs of North-West Italy. The identification of family and work characteristics and a psychological pre-existing condition as factors associated with worst psychological outcome may help provide a tailored, preventive, organisational and psychological approach in counteracting the psychological effects of future pandemics.
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic changes in healthcare and severe social restrictions. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the front line against the virus and have been highly exposed to pandemic-related stressors, but there are limited data on their psychological involvement for a large sample in Italy. AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of anxiety, distress and burnout in HCWs of North-West Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to detect potential psychosocial factors associated with their emotional response. METHOD: This cross-sectional, survey-based study enrolled 797 HCWs. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale - Revised, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Form Y and the Maslach Burnout Inventory; demographic, family and work characteristics were also collected. Global psychological outcome, differences among professions and independent factors associated with worst psychological outcome were assessed. RESULTS: Almost a third of the sample had severe state anxiety and distress, high emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and low personal accomplishment. Distress was higher in women and nurses, whereas depersonalisation was higher in men. Family division, increased workload, job changes and frequent contact with COVID-19 were associated with worst psychological outcome. Trait anxiety was associated with significantly higher risk for developing state anxiety, distress and burnout. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated psychological burden related to the COVID-19 pandemic was observed in HCWs of North-West Italy. The identification of family and work characteristics and a psychological pre-existing condition as factors associated with worst psychological outcome may help provide a tailored, preventive, organisational and psychological approach in counteracting the psychological effects of future pandemics.
Authors: Ahmad Y Alqassim; Mohammed O Shami; Ahmed A Ageeli; Mohssen H Ageeli; Abrar A Doweri; Zakaria I Melaisi; Ahmed M Wafi; Mohammed A Muaddi; Maged El-Setouhy Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2022-06-03
Authors: Vanessa Bertuzzi; Michelle Semonella; Gianluca Castelnuovo; Gerhard Andersson; Giada Pietrabissa Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-06-08 Impact factor: 4.614
Authors: Giacomo Tondo; Barbara Sarasso; Paola Serra; Fabiana Tesser; Cristoforo Comi Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-18 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Robert G Maunder; Natalie D Heeney; Alex Kiss; Jonathan J Hunter; Lianne P Jeffs; Leanne Ginty; Jennie Johnstone; Carla A Loftus; Lesley A Wiesenfeld Journal: Gen Hosp Psychiatry Date: 2021-05-05 Impact factor: 3.238
Authors: Alberto Bisesti; Andrea Mallardo; Simone Gambazza; Filippo Binda; Alessandro Galazzi; Silvia Pazzaglia; Dario Laquintana Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-06-22 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Nino Stocchetti; Giulia Segre; Elisa R Zanier; Michele Zanetti; Rita Campi; Francesca Scarpellini; Antonio Clavenna; Maurizio Bonati Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-06-05 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Vanessa Bertuzzi; Michelle Semonella; Denise Bruno; Chiara Manna; Julian Edbrook-Childs; Emanuele M Giusti; Gianluca Castelnuovo; Giada Pietrabissa Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-06-28 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Yoshito Nishimura; Tomoko Miyoshi; Hideharu Hagiya; Yoshinori Kosaki; Fumio Otsuka Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-03-02 Impact factor: 3.390