Simultaneous electrochemical determination of nitrofurantoin and nifedipine with assistance of needle-shaped perovskite structure: barium stannate fabricated glassy carbon electrode.

A needle-shaped perovskite, barium stannate (BaSnO3), was synthesized via a co-precipitation technique for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of antibiotic drug nitrofurantoin (NFTO) and pericardial drug nifedipine (NFP). The spectroscopic and microscopic result confirms that as-prepared BaSnO3 particles formed with desired crystalline nature, functional group, pore size, pore diameter, and fine needle-like morphology. The simultaneous electrochemical detection of the two pharmaceutical compounds was examined via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique using BaSnO3-modified glassy carbon electrode (BaSnO3/GCE) at a potential range from +0.4 to - 1.2 V. The discrete and simultaneous detection of NFTO and NFP at the BaSnO3 sensor exhibits higher catalytic activity in terms of cathodic current and cathodic potential compared to bare GCE. DPV results of the BaSnO3 sensor provide improved linear ranges and limits of detection for NFTO (0.01-42.65 µM; 42.65-557.65 μM, 0.062 μM, respectively) and NFP (0.01-697.65 μM, 0.0168 μM, respectively). Besides, the BaSnO3-fabricated sensor exhibits good sensitivity, reproducibility, and repeatability. The modified electrode shows excellent recoveries of NFTO (97.0-100.7%) and NFP (98.7-101.3%) in plasma, urine, and milk samples with an acceptable relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.6-4.8%. Graphical abstract Needle-shaped BaSnO3 perovskite material for simultaneous electrochemical sensing of pharmaceutical drugs.