Kathleen I C Dyer1,2, Paul G Sanfilippo1,3, Scott W White4,5, Jeremy A Guggenheim6, Chris J Hammond7, John P Newnham4,5, David A Mackey1, Seyhan Yazar1,8. 1. Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 2. School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 3. Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 4. Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 5. Maternal Fetal Medicine Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 6. School of Optometry and Vision Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom. 7. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. 8. Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of genetic and early life environmental factors, as reflected by fetal anthropometric growth trajectories, toward the development of myopia during childhood and adolescence. Methods: This analysis included 498 singleton Caucasian participants from the Raine Study, a pregnancy cohort study based in Western Australia. Serial fetal biometric measurements of these participants were collected via ultrasound scans performed at 18, 24, 28, 34, and 38 weeks' gestation. At a 20-year follow-up, the participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry measurements. Using a group-based trajectory modeling approach, we identified groups of participants with similar growth trajectories based on measurements of fetal head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference, femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Differences between trajectory groups with respect to prevalence of myopia, axial length (AL), and corneal radius of curvature measured at the 20-year follow-up were evaluated via logistic regression and analysis of variance. Results: Prevalence of myopia was highest among participants with consistently short or consistently long FLs (P = 0.04). There was also a trend toward increased prevalence with larger HC in late gestation, although not at a statistically significant level. Trajectory groups reflecting faster HC, FL, or EFW growth correlated with significantly flatter corneas (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, and P = 0.01, respectively) and a general, but not statistically significant, increase in AL. Conclusions: Environmental or genetic factors influencing intrauterine skeletal growth may concurrently affect ocular development, with effects persisting into adulthood.
Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of genetic and early life environmental factors, as reflected by fetal anthropometric growth trajectories, toward the development of myopia during childhood and adolescence. Methods: This analysis included 498 singleton Caucasian participants from the Raine Study, a pregnancy cohort study based in Western Australia. Serial fetal biometric measurements of these participants were collected via ultrasound scans performed at 18, 24, 28, 34, and 38 weeks' gestation. At a 20-year follow-up, the participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry measurements. Using a group-based trajectory modeling approach, we identified groups of participants with similar growth trajectories based on measurements of fetal head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference, femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Differences between trajectory groups with respect to prevalence of myopia, axial length (AL), and corneal radius of curvature measured at the 20-year follow-up were evaluated via logistic regression and analysis of variance. Results: Prevalence of myopia was highest among participants with consistently short or consistently long FLs (P = 0.04). There was also a trend toward increased prevalence with larger HC in late gestation, although not at a statistically significant level. Trajectory groups reflecting faster HC, FL, or EFW growth correlated with significantly flatter corneas (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, and P = 0.01, respectively) and a general, but not statistically significant, increase in AL. Conclusions: Environmental or genetic factors influencing intrauterine skeletal growth may concurrently affect ocular development, with effects persisting into adulthood.
Authors: Donald O Mutti; G Lynn Mitchell; Lisa A Jones; Nina E Friedman; Sara L Frane; Wendy K Lin; Melvin L Moeschberger; Karla Zadnik Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2005-09 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Zoe A Broere-Brown; Sarah Schalekamp-Timmermans; Vincent W V Jaddoe; Eric A P Steegers Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2019-06-27 Impact factor: 3.007
Authors: Kathleen I C Dyer; Paul G Sanfilippo; Seyhan Yazar; Jamie E Craig; Alex W Hewitt; John P Newnham; David A Mackey; Samantha S Y Lee Journal: Transl Vis Sci Technol Date: 2022-07-08 Impact factor: 3.048