Ahmad Kantar1, Angelo Mazza2, Ezio Bonanomi3, Marta Odoni4, Manuela Seminara4, Ilaria Dalla Verde4, Camillo Lovati4, Stefania Bolognini4, Lorenzo D'Antiga2. 1. Pediatric Unit, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Bergamo, Italy. kantar@centropediatricotosse.com. 2. Pediatric Department, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 3. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 4. Pediatric Unit, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Bergamo, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by a series of immune dysregulations, of which interferon hyperreactivity is important, as it is responsible for surging antiviral responses and the possible initiation of an amplified cytokine storm. This biological condition is attributed to immune regulators encoded in chromosome 21. Moreover, DS is also characterized by the coexistence of obesity and cardiovascular and respiratory anomalies, which are risk factors for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CASE PRESENTATION: A total of 55 children were admitted to the pediatric ward in Bergamo, between February and May 2020 for COVID-19. Here, we describe the cases of two children with DS and a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who had a severe course. In addition, both cases involved one or more comorbidities, including cardiovascular anomalies, obesity, and/or obstructive sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations indicate that children with DS are at risk for severe COVID-19 disease course.
BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by a series of immune dysregulations, of which interferon hyperreactivity is important, as it is responsible for surging antiviral responses and the possible initiation of an amplified cytokine storm. This biological condition is attributed to immune regulators encoded in chromosome 21. Moreover, DS is also characterized by the coexistence of obesity and cardiovascular and respiratory anomalies, which are risk factors for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CASE PRESENTATION: A total of 55 children were admitted to the pediatric ward in Bergamo, between February and May 2020 for COVID-19. Here, we describe the cases of two children with DS and a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who had a severe course. In addition, both cases involved one or more comorbidities, including cardiovascular anomalies, obesity, and/or obstructive sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations indicate that children with DS are at risk for severe COVID-19 disease course.
Entities:
Keywords:
Case report; Children; Coronavirus disease; Down syndrome; Trisomy 21
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