E Kate Webb1, Carissa N Weis2, Ashley A Huggins2, Elizabeth A Parisi2, Kenneth P Bennett3, Tara Miskovich4, Jessica Krukowski5, Terri A deRoon-Cassini6, Christine L Larson2. 1. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: ekwebb@uwm.edu. 2. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA. 3. VA Montana Healthcare System, Helena, MT, USA. 4. VA Northern California Healthcare System, Martinez, CA, USA. 5. Marquette University, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA. 6. Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In trauma-exposed adults, the relationship between an individual's socioeconomic position (SEP) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well demonstrated. One potential mechanism by which the stress associated with lower SEPs may impact trauma outcomes is through changes in neurocognition. In both healthy and clinical samples, area-level factors also appear to be independently related to neurocognition. Far less is known about how neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, may impact cognition in traumatically-injured adults. The current study employed hierarchical linear modeling to longitudinally investigate whether neighborhood disadvantage was associated with neurocognitive functioning in five domains: processing speed, sustained attention, controlled attention, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. METHODS: One-hundred and ninety-five socioeconomically diverse traumatically-injured subjects (mean age = 32.8, 52.8% female) were recruited from an Emergency Department. Two-weeks, three-months, and six-months post-trauma, participants completed self-report measures and a computerized test battery to evaluate neurocognition. An Area Deprivation Index (ADI) score, a measure of a neighborhood's socioeconomic disadvantage, was derived from each participants' home address. RESULTS: Greater neighborhood disadvantage was significantly related to lower scores in all domains. Results of hierarchical linear models revealed neighborhood disadvantage was significantly associated with processing speed, controlled attention, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition across time, even after adjusting for individual annual household income, baseline PTSD symptoms, and previous adverse life experiences. This relationship was stable for all domains except sustained attention, which varied across time. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate neighborhood disadvantage contributes uniquely to neurocognitive functioning and, for the majority of domains, these contributions are stable across time. The relationship between area-level variables and cognitive function may underlie individual vulnerability to developing psychiatric disorders. Future work should continue to examine the interaction between socioenvironmental stressors and PTSD symptoms longitudinally.
BACKGROUND: In trauma-exposed adults, the relationship between an individual's socioeconomic position (SEP) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well demonstrated. One potential mechanism by which the stress associated with lower SEPs may impact trauma outcomes is through changes in neurocognition. In both healthy and clinical samples, area-level factors also appear to be independently related to neurocognition. Far less is known about how neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, may impact cognition in traumatically-injured adults. The current study employed hierarchical linear modeling to longitudinally investigate whether neighborhood disadvantage was associated with neurocognitive functioning in five domains: processing speed, sustained attention, controlled attention, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. METHODS: One-hundred and ninety-five socioeconomically diverse traumatically-injured subjects (mean age = 32.8, 52.8% female) were recruited from an Emergency Department. Two-weeks, three-months, and six-months post-trauma, participants completed self-report measures and a computerized test battery to evaluate neurocognition. An Area Deprivation Index (ADI) score, a measure of a neighborhood's socioeconomic disadvantage, was derived from each participants' home address. RESULTS: Greater neighborhood disadvantage was significantly related to lower scores in all domains. Results of hierarchical linear models revealed neighborhood disadvantage was significantly associated with processing speed, controlled attention, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition across time, even after adjusting for individual annual household income, baseline PTSD symptoms, and previous adverse life experiences. This relationship was stable for all domains except sustained attention, which varied across time. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate neighborhood disadvantage contributes uniquely to neurocognitive functioning and, for the majority of domains, these contributions are stable across time. The relationship between area-level variables and cognitive function may underlie individual vulnerability to developing psychiatric disorders. Future work should continue to examine the interaction between socioenvironmental stressors and PTSD symptoms longitudinally.
Authors: Roman Pabayo; Daniel Fuller; Risë B Goldstein; Ichiro Kawachi; Stephen E Gilman Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2017-06-30 Impact factor: 4.328
Authors: Juan P Herrera-Escobar; Anupamaa J Seshadri; Rachel Rivero; Alexander Toppo; Syeda S Al Rafai; John W Scott; Joaquim M Havens; George Velmahos; George Kasotakis; Ali Salim; Adil H Haider; Deepika Nehra Journal: J Trauma Acute Care Surg Date: 2019-07 Impact factor: 3.313
Authors: J Vliegenthart; G Noppe; E F C van Rossum; J W Koper; H Raat; E L T van den Akker Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2015-12-10 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: Jack F V Hunt; William Buckingham; Alice J Kim; Jennifer Oh; Nicholas M Vogt; Erin M Jonaitis; Tenah K Hunt; Megan Zuelsdorff; Ryan Powell; Derek Norton; Robert A Rissman; Sanjay Asthana; Ozioma C Okonkwo; Sterling C Johnson; Amy J H Kind; Barbara B Bendlin Journal: JAMA Neurol Date: 2020-04-01 Impact factor: 18.302
Authors: E Kate Webb; Carissa N Weis; Ashley A Huggins; Jacklynn M Fitzgerald; Kenneth Bennett; Claire M Bird; Elizabeth A Parisi; Maddy Kallenbach; Tara Miskovich; Jessica Krukowski; Terri A deRoon-Cassini; Christine L Larson Journal: Neurobiol Stress Date: 2021-08-21
Authors: Claire M Bird; E Kate Webb; Andrew T Schramm; Lucas Torres; Christine Larson; Terri A deRoon-Cassini Journal: J Trauma Stress Date: 2021-03-14
Authors: Carissa N Weis; Ashley A Huggins; Tara A Miskovich; Jacklynn M Fitzgerald; Kenneth P Bennett; Jessica L Krukowski; E Kate Webb; Terri A deRoon-Cassini; Christine L Larson Journal: Front Hum Neurosci Date: 2021-09-29 Impact factor: 3.473
Authors: Ashley A Huggins; Lisa M McTeague; Megan M Davis; Nicholas Bustos; Kathleen I Crum; Rachel Polcyn; Zachary W Adams; Laura A Carpenter; Greg Hajcak; Colleen A Halliday; Jane E Joseph; Carla Kmett Danielson Journal: Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci Date: 2022-03-17
Authors: Carissa W Tomas; E Kate Webb; Kenneth P Bennett; Ashley A Huggins; Jacklynn M Fitzgerald; Tara A Miskovich; Jessica Krukowki; Terri A deRoon-Cassini; Christine L Larson Journal: Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci Date: 2022-03-02