Virginia G Wadley1,2,3, Tyler P Bull2, Yue Zhang1, Cheyanne Barba2, R Nick Bryan4, Michael Crowe2, Lisa Desiderio5, Georg Deutsch6, Guray Erus5, David S Geldmacher7,8, Rodney Go9, Caroline L Lassen-Greene2,10, Olga A Mamaeva9, Daniel C Marson8, Marianne McLaughlin1,8, Ilya M Nasrallah5, Cynthia Owsley3, Jesse Passler2,11, Rodney T Perry9, Giovanna Pilonieta8, Kayla A Steward2,12, Richard E Kennedy1. 1. Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 2. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 3. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 4. Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin. 5. Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 6. Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 7. Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 8. Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 9. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 10. Tennessee Valley Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Nashville. 11. Department of Rehabilitation, Psychology and Neuropsychology, Baylor College of Medicine/TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas. 12. Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive processing speed is important for performing everyday activities in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, its role in daily function has not been examined while simultaneously accounting for contributions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk biomarkers. We examine the relationships of processing speed and genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers to composites of daily function, mobility, and driving. METHOD: We used baseline data from 103 participants on the MCI/mild dementia spectrum from the Applying Programs to Preserve Skills trial. Linear regression models examined relationships of processing speed, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and genetic risk alleles for AD to composites of performance-based instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), community mobility, and on-road driving evaluations. RESULTS: In multivariable models, processing speed and the brain MRI neurodegeneration biomarker Spatial Pattern of Abnormality for Recognition of Early Alzheimer's disease (SPARE-AD) were significantly associated with functional and mobility composite performance. Better processing speed and younger age were associated with on-road driving ratings. Genetic risk markers, left hippocampal atrophy, and white matter lesion volumes were not significant correlates of these abilities. Processing speed had a strong positive association with IADL function (p < .001), mobility (p < .001), and driving (p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive processing speed is strongly and consistently associated with critical daily functions in persons with MCI in models including genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers of AD risk. SPARE-AD scores also significantly correlate with IADL performance and mobility. Results highlight the central role of processing speed in everyday task performance among persons with MCI/mild dementia.
BACKGROUND: Cognitive processing speed is important for performing everyday activities in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, its role in daily function has not been examined while simultaneously accounting for contributions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk biomarkers. We examine the relationships of processing speed and genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers to composites of daily function, mobility, and driving. METHOD: We used baseline data from 103 participants on the MCI/mild dementia spectrum from the Applying Programs to Preserve Skills trial. Linear regression models examined relationships of processing speed, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and genetic risk alleles for AD to composites of performance-based instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), community mobility, and on-road driving evaluations. RESULTS: In multivariable models, processing speed and the brain MRI neurodegeneration biomarker Spatial Pattern of Abnormality for Recognition of Early Alzheimer's disease (SPARE-AD) were significantly associated with functional and mobility composite performance. Better processing speed and younger age were associated with on-road driving ratings. Genetic risk markers, left hippocampal atrophy, and white matter lesion volumes were not significant correlates of these abilities. Processing speed had a strong positive association with IADL function (p < .001), mobility (p < .001), and driving (p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive processing speed is strongly and consistently associated with critical daily functions in persons with MCI in models including genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers of AD risk. SPARE-AD scores also significantly correlate with IADL performance and mobility. Results highlight the central role of processing speed in everyday task performance among persons with MCI/mild dementia.
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