Eythor Ö Jonsson1, Carl Ekholm2, Björn Salomonsson3, Yilmaz Demir3, Per Olerud4. 1. Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: eythororn@gmail.com. 2. Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden. 3. Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyds Sjukhus, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Orthopaedics, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The most appropriate treatment for displaced multiple-fragment proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients is currently unclear. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is a promising treatment option that is being used increasingly. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of rTSA vs. hemiarthroplasty (HA) for the treatment of displaced 3- and 4-part fractures in elderly patients. METHODS: This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial. We included patients aged ≥ 70 years with displaced 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures between September 2013 and May 2016. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years, with outcome measures including the Constant score (primary outcome), Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index, EQ-5D (EuroQol 5 Dimensions) index, and range of motion, as well as pain and shoulder satisfaction assessed on a visual analog scale. RESULTS: We randomized 99 patients torTSA (48 patients) or HA (51 patients). Fifteen patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 41 rTSA and 43 HA patients for analysis. The mean age was 79.5 years, and there were 76 women (90%). The rTSA group had a mean Constant score of 58.7 points compared with 47.7 points in the HA group, with a mean difference of 11.1 points (95% CI, 3.0-18.9 points; P = .007). Compared with HA patients, rTSA patients had greater mean satisfaction with the shoulder (79 mm vs. 63 mm, P = .011), flexion (125° vs. 90°, P < .001), and abduction (112° vs. 83°, P < .001), but there was no difference in Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index, pain, or EQ-5D index scores. We identified 3 and 4 adverse events in the rTSA and HA groups, respectively. Among patients aged ≥ 80 years (n = 38), there was no difference between rTSA treatment and HA treatment in pain (17 mm vs. 9 mm, P = .17) or shoulder satisfaction (77 mm vs. 74 mm, P = .73). CONCLUSION: We found that rTSA provides better shoulder function than HA as measured with the Constant score, further emphasized by rTSA patients being more satisfied with their shoulder function. The difference appears to be mainly a result of better range of motion (abduction and flexion) in the rTSA group. The results also indicate that patients aged ≥ 80 years benefit less from rTSA than patients aged 70-79 years.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The most appropriate treatment for displaced multiple-fragment proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients is currently unclear. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is a promising treatment option that is being used increasingly. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of rTSA vs. hemiarthroplasty (HA) for the treatment of displaced 3- and 4-part fractures in elderly patients. METHODS: This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial. We included patients aged ≥ 70 years with displaced 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures between September 2013 and May 2016. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years, with outcome measures including the Constant score (primary outcome), Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index, EQ-5D (EuroQol 5 Dimensions) index, and range of motion, as well as pain and shoulder satisfaction assessed on a visual analog scale. RESULTS: We randomized 99 patients to rTSA (48 patients) or HA (51 patients). Fifteen patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 41 rTSA and 43 HA patients for analysis. The mean age was 79.5 years, and there were 76 women (90%). The rTSA group had a mean Constant score of 58.7 points compared with 47.7 points in the HA group, with a mean difference of 11.1 points (95% CI, 3.0-18.9 points; P = .007). Compared with HA patients, rTSA patients had greater mean satisfaction with the shoulder (79 mm vs. 63 mm, P = .011), flexion (125° vs. 90°, P < .001), and abduction (112° vs. 83°, P < .001), but there was no difference in Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index, pain, or EQ-5D index scores. We identified 3 and 4 adverse events in the rTSA and HA groups, respectively. Among patients aged ≥ 80 years (n = 38), there was no difference between rTSA treatment and HA treatment in pain (17 mm vs. 9 mm, P = .17) or shoulder satisfaction (77 mm vs. 74 mm, P = .73). CONCLUSION: We found that rTSA provides better shoulder function than HA as measured with the Constant score, further emphasized by rTSA patients being more satisfied with their shoulder function. The difference appears to be mainly a result of better range of motion (abduction and flexion) in the rTSA group. The results also indicate that patients aged ≥ 80 years benefit less from rTSA than patients aged 70-79 years.
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