BACKGROUND: It has been recently reported that liver stiffness assessed by transient elastography reflects right atrial pressure (RAP) and is associated with worse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the relationship between shear wave dispersion (SWD, a novel indicator of liver viscosity) determined by abdominal ultrasonography and RAP, and the prognostic impact of SWD on HF patients have not been fully examined. We aimed to clarify the associations of SWD with parameters of liver function test (LFT) and right heart catheterization (RHC), as well as with cardiac events such as cardiac death and worsening HF, in patients with HF. METHODS: We performed abdominal ultrasonography, LFT and RHC in HF patients (n = 195), and followed up for cardiac events. We examined associations between SWD and parameters of LFT and RHC. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between SWD and circulating levels of direct bilirubin (R = 0.222, p = 0.002), alkaline phosphatase (R = 0.219, p = 0.002), cholinesterase (R = -0.184, p = 0.011), and 7S domain of collagen type IV (R = 0.177, p = 0.014), but not with RAP (R = 0.054, p = 0.567) or cardiac index (R = -0.015, p = 0.872). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, cardiac event rate was significantly higher in the high SWD group (SWD ≥ 10.0 (m/s)/kHz, n = 103) than in the low SWD group (SWD < 10.0 (m/s)/kHz, n = 92; log-rank, p = 0.010). In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, high SWD was associated with high cardiac event rates (hazard ratio, 2.841; 95% confidence interval, 1.234-6.541, p = 0.014). In addition, there were no interactions between SWD and all subgroups, according to the subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: SWD assessed by abdominal ultrasonography reflects liver fibrosis rather than liver congestion, and is associated with adverse prognosis in HF patients.
BACKGROUND: It has been recently reported that liver stiffness assessed by transient elastography reflects right atrial pressure (RAP) and is associated with worse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the relationship between shear wave dispersion (SWD, a novel indicator of liver viscosity) determined by abdominal ultrasonography and RAP, and the prognostic impact of SWD on HF patients have not been fully examined. We aimed to clarify the associations of SWD with parameters of liver function test (LFT) and right heart catheterization (RHC), as well as with cardiac events such as cardiac death and worsening HF, in patients with HF. METHODS: We performed abdominal ultrasonography, LFT and RHC in HF patients (n = 195), and followed up for cardiac events. We examined associations between SWD and parameters of LFT and RHC. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between SWD and circulating levels of direct bilirubin (R = 0.222, p = 0.002), alkaline phosphatase (R = 0.219, p = 0.002), cholinesterase (R = -0.184, p = 0.011), and 7S domain of collagen type IV (R = 0.177, p = 0.014), but not with RAP (R = 0.054, p = 0.567) or cardiac index (R = -0.015, p = 0.872). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, cardiac event rate was significantly higher in the high SWD group (SWD ≥ 10.0 (m/s)/kHz, n = 103) than in the low SWD group (SWD < 10.0 (m/s)/kHz, n = 92; log-rank, p = 0.010). In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, high SWD was associated with high cardiac event rates (hazard ratio, 2.841; 95% confidence interval, 1.234-6.541, p = 0.014). In addition, there were no interactions between SWD and all subgroups, according to the subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: SWD assessed by abdominal ultrasonography reflects liver fibrosis rather than liver congestion, and is associated with adverse prognosis in HF patients.
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Keywords:
abdominal ultrasonography; fibrosis; liver function test; prognosis; right heart catheterization; viscosity