PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among children in the United States. RECENT FINDINGS: In the United States, the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children have been mild illnesses, with those 5-17 years of age having the highest frequency. Specifically, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in children is two times higher in adolescents (12-17 years) than younger school-aged children (5-11 years). Despite the higher case counts in older children, 10% of pediatric hospitalizations have been in infants less than one year. In addition, severe respiratory and renal complications, hospitalization, and even death have been documented in children. SUMMARY: Clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children range from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress, with mild nonspecific symptoms being the most commonly reported. The broad clinical presentation and the frequency of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infections in children pose challenges for controlling and detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, severe disease has been noted in children with associated medical complications and death. Thus, additional active surveillance and research is needed to understand the burden children contribute to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among children in the United States. RECENT FINDINGS: In the United States, the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children have been mild illnesses, with those 5-17 years of age having the highest frequency. Specifically, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in children is two times higher in adolescents (12-17 years) than younger school-aged children (5-11 years). Despite the higher case counts in older children, 10% of pediatric hospitalizations have been in infants less than one year. In addition, severe respiratory and renal complications, hospitalization, and even death have been documented in children. SUMMARY: Clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children range from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress, with mild nonspecific symptoms being the most commonly reported. The broad clinical presentation and the frequency of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infections in children pose challenges for controlling and detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, severe disease has been noted in children with associated medical complications and death. Thus, additional active surveillance and research is needed to understand the burden children contribute to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States.
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Authors: Anna L Funk; Todd A Florin; Nathan Kuppermann; Daniel J Tancredi; Jianling Xie; Kelly Kim; Mark I Neuman; Lilliam Ambroggio; Amy C Plint; Santiago Mintegi; Terry P Klassen; Marina I Salvadori; Richard Malley; Daniel C Payne; Norma-Jean Simon; Adriana Yock-Corrales; Jasmine R Nebhrajani; Pradip P Chaudhari; Kristen A Breslin; Yaron Finkelstein; Carmen Campos; Kelly R Bergmann; Maala Bhatt; Fahd A Ahmad; Michael A Gardiner; Usha R Avva; Nipam P Shah; Laura F Sartori; Vikram J Sabhaney; Kerry Caperell; Nidhya Navanandan; Meredith L Borland; Claudia R Morris; Iker Gangoiti; Viviana Pavlicich; Nirupama Kannikeswaran; Maren M Lunoe; Pedro B Rino; April J Kam; Jonathan C Cherry; Alexander J Rogers; Shu-Ling Chong; Laura Palumbo; Carlos M Angelats; Andrea K Morrison; Maria Y Kwok; Sarah M Becker; Andrew C Dixon; Naveen Poonai; Michelle Eckerle; Muhammad Wassem; Stuart R Dalziel; Stephen B Freedman Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2022-01-04
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