Rena R Wing1, Mark A Espeland2, Deborah F Tate3, Letitia H Perdue2, Judy Bahnson2, Kristen Polzien3, Erica Ferguson Robichaud1, Jessica Gokee LaRose4, Amy A Gorin5, Cora E Lewis6, Elissa Jelalian1. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Alpert Medical School, Brown University-Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. 2. Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. 3. Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 4. Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. 5. Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA. 6. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the impact of weight gain prevention interventions on changes in cardiovascular risk factors over 6 years. METHODS: The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) randomized 599 participants (ages 18-35; 46% with BMI 21-25; 54% with BMI 25-30) to Large Changes (produce buffer by losing 5-10 pounds initially), Small Changes (daily small changes in intake and activity) or Control and followed 355 participants with ongoing intervention and assessments through 6 years. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among interventions for changes in weight or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors from baseline to 6 years. However, 44% of participants gained ≥5%, and only 14% lost ≥5% over 6 years. Weight changes, from baseline to year 6, were significantly associated with changes in risk factors, especially insulin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Earlier weight changes (e.g., weight cycling) had no beneficial or adverse effect on changes in CVD risk factors at 6 years, independent of 6-year weight changes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite participation in a weight gain prevention trial, almost half of these young adults gained ≥5% or more over 6 years, with significant worsening in CVD risk factors. Greater attention to long-term weight gain prevention in young adults is needed.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the impact of weight gain prevention interventions on changes in cardiovascular risk factors over 6 years. METHODS: The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) randomized 599 participants (ages 18-35; 46% with BMI 21-25; 54% with BMI 25-30) to Large Changes (produce buffer by losing 5-10 pounds initially), Small Changes (daily small changes in intake and activity) or Control and followed 355 participants with ongoing intervention and assessments through 6 years. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among interventions for changes in weight or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors from baseline to 6 years. However, 44% of participants gained ≥5%, and only 14% lost ≥5% over 6 years. Weight changes, from baseline to year 6, were significantly associated with changes in risk factors, especially insulin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Earlier weight changes (e.g., weight cycling) had no beneficial or adverse effect on changes in CVD risk factors at 6 years, independent of 6-year weight changes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite participation in a weight gain prevention trial, almost half of these young adults gained ≥5% or more over 6 years, with significant worsening in CVD risk factors. Greater attention to long-term weight gain prevention in young adults is needed.
Authors: Michael D Jensen; Donna H Ryan; Caroline M Apovian; Jamy D Ard; Anthony G Comuzzie; Karen A Donato; Frank B Hu; Van S Hubbard; John M Jakicic; Robert F Kushner; Catherine M Loria; Barbara E Millen; Cathy A Nonas; F Xavier Pi-Sunyer; June Stevens; Victor J Stevens; Thomas A Wadden; Bruce M Wolfe; Susan Z Yanovski; Harmon S Jordan; Karima A Kendall; Linda J Lux; Roycelynn Mentor-Marcel; Laura C Morgan; Michael G Trisolini; Janusz Wnek; Jeffrey L Anderson; Jonathan L Halperin; Nancy M Albert; Biykem Bozkurt; Ralph G Brindis; Lesley H Curtis; David DeMets; Judith S Hochman; Richard J Kovacs; E Magnus Ohman; Susan J Pressler; Frank W Sellke; Win-Kuang Shen; Sidney C Smith; Gordon F Tomaselli Journal: Circulation Date: 2013-11-12 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Kenneth F Adams; Michael F Leitzmann; Rachel Ballard-Barbash; Demetrius Albanes; Tamara B Harris; Albert Hollenbeck; Victor Kipnis Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2013-10-29 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Rena R Wing; Mark A Espeland; Deborah F Tate; Letitia H Perdue; Judy Bahnson; Kristen Polzien; Erica F Robichaud; Jessica G LaRose; Amy A Gorin; Cora E Lewis; Elissa Jelalian Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2020-01 Impact factor: 5.002