Lubna Ahmad1, Priyanka Kapoor2, Sejal Bhaskar3, Himani Khatter4. 1. Intern, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India. 2. Professor, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India. 3. Final Year Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India. 4. Biostatistician, Dept of Neurology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, 141008, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common form of sleep-disordered breathing with high prevalence and associated co-morbidities. It still goes largely under-reported due to events occurring in sleep and difficulty in identifying predisposing factors. AIMS: To perform questionnaire-based screening of OSA-risk in adolescents and study association of OSA-risk with craniofacial and upper airway morphology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Modified STOP-BANG questionnaire was used for screening OSA-risk in adolescent orthodontic patients (10-19 years) in a government dental hospital in India. Patients were categorised into two groups: OSA-risk and non-risk, based on the questionnaire scores, and were subsequently evaluated for craniofacial and upper airway morphology, both on examination and on lateral cephalometric radiographs. RESULTS: Documented a high prevalence of 14% for OSA-risk in adolescent orthodontic patients. The extra-oral and intra-oral parameters found significantly associated with OSA-risk were convex profile [Odd's ratio (OR) - 3.824], steep mandibular plane angle [MPA] (OR- 79.75), Type 3/4 faucial pillars (OR- 11.227), Class II molar relationship (OR - 4.518), ovoid upper arch form (OR - 13.750). In addition, the cephalometric parameters: ANB (p- 0.025), SN-MP (p- 0.007), BA-SN (p- 0.020), PNS-AD1 (p < 0.001), PNS-AD2 (p - 0.001) also showed highly significant association to OSA-risk. The ROC curves demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for PNS-AD1 (60%,83.3%), PNS-AD2 (73.3%, 70%) and SN-MP (60%,70%), respectively for OSA-risk. CONCLUSIONS: The study supported applicability of modified STOP-BANG questionnaire for OSA-risk in Indian adolescents. The parameters [extra-oral, intra-oral, cephalometric and upper airway (PNS-AD1, PNS-AD2, SN-MP)] significantly associated with OSA-risk, were identified.
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common form of sleep-disordered breathing with high prevalence and associated co-morbidities. It still goes largely under-reported due to events occurring in sleep and difficulty in identifying predisposing factors. AIMS: To perform questionnaire-based screening of OSA-risk in adolescents and study association of OSA-risk with craniofacial and upper airway morphology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Modified STOP-BANG questionnaire was used for screening OSA-risk in adolescent orthodontic patients (10-19 years) in a government dental hospital in India. Patients were categorised into two groups: OSA-risk and non-risk, based on the questionnaire scores, and were subsequently evaluated for craniofacial and upper airway morphology, both on examination and on lateral cephalometric radiographs. RESULTS: Documented a high prevalence of 14% for OSA-risk in adolescent orthodontic patients. The extra-oral and intra-oral parameters found significantly associated with OSA-risk were convex profile [Odd's ratio (OR) - 3.824], steep mandibular plane angle [MPA] (OR- 79.75), Type 3/4 faucial pillars (OR- 11.227), Class II molar relationship (OR - 4.518), ovoid upper arch form (OR - 13.750). In addition, the cephalometric parameters: ANB (p- 0.025), SN-MP (p- 0.007), BA-SN (p- 0.020), PNS-AD1 (p < 0.001), PNS-AD2 (p - 0.001) also showed highly significant association to OSA-risk. The ROC curves demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for PNS-AD1 (60%,83.3%), PNS-AD2 (73.3%, 70%) and SN-MP (60%,70%), respectively for OSA-risk. CONCLUSIONS: The study supported applicability of modified STOP-BANG questionnaire for OSA-risk in Indian adolescents. The parameters [extra-oral, intra-oral, cephalometric and upper airway (PNS-AD1, PNS-AD2, SN-MP)] significantly associated with OSA-risk, were identified.
Authors: Rolf G Behrents; Anita Valanju Shelgikar; R Scott Conley; Carlos Flores-Mir; Mark Hans; Mitchell Levine; James A McNamara; Juan Martin Palomo; Benjamin Pliska; John W Stockstill; John Wise; Sean Murphy; Norman J Nagel; Jackie Hittner Journal: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop Date: 2019-07 Impact factor: 2.650
Authors: Kate Sutherland; Richard J Schwab; Greg Maislin; Richard W W Lee; Bryndis Benedikstdsottir; Allan I Pack; Thorarinn Gislason; Sigurdur Juliusson; Peter A Cistulli Journal: Sleep Date: 2014-05-01 Impact factor: 5.849