Sepideh Dibay Moghadam1,2, Sandi L Navarro1, Ali Shojaie3, Timothy W Randolph1, Lisa F Bettcher4, Cynthia B Le4, Meredith A Hullar1, Mario Kratz1, Marian L Neuhouser1, Paul D Lampe1, Daniel Raftery1,4, Johanna W Lampe5. 1. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA. 2. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 4. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 5. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA. jlampe@fredhutch.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dietary patterns low in glycemic load are associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Improvements in serum lipid concentrations may play a role in these observed associations. OBJECTIVE: We investigated how dietary patterns differing in glycemic load affect clinical lipid panel measures and plasma lipidomics profiles. METHODS: In a crossover, controlled feeding study, 80 healthy participants (n = 40 men, n = 40 women), 18-45 y were randomized to receive low-glycemic load (LGL) or high glycemic load (HGL) diets for 28 days each with at least a 28-day washout period between controlled diets. Fasting plasma samples were collected at baseline and end of each diet period. Lipids on a clinical panel including total-, VLDL-, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using an auto-analyzer. Lipidomics analysis using mass-spectrometry provided the concentrations of 863 species. Linear mixed models and lipid ontology enrichment analysis were implemented. RESULTS: Lipids from the clinical panel were not significantly different between diets. Univariate analysis showed that 67 species on the lipidomics panel, predominantly in the triacylglycerol class, were higher after the LGL diet compared to the HGL (FDR < 0.05). Three species with FA 17:0 were lower after LGL diet with enrichment analysis (FDR < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the context of controlled eucaloric diets with similar macronutrient distribution, these results suggest that there are relative shifts in lipid species, but the overall pool does not change. Further studies are needed to better understand in which compartment the different lipid species are transported in blood, and how these shifts are related to health outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00622661.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Dietary patterns low in glycemic load are associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Improvements in serum lipid concentrations may play a role in these observed associations. OBJECTIVE: We investigated how dietary patterns differing in glycemic load affect clinical lipid panel measures and plasma lipidomics profiles. METHODS: In a crossover, controlled feeding study, 80 healthy participants (n = 40 men, n = 40 women), 18-45 y were randomized to receive low-glycemic load (LGL) or high glycemic load (HGL) diets for 28 days each with at least a 28-day washout period between controlled diets. Fasting plasma samples were collected at baseline and end of each diet period. Lipids on a clinical panel including total-, VLDL-, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using an auto-analyzer. Lipidomics analysis using mass-spectrometry provided the concentrations of 863 species. Linear mixed models and lipid ontology enrichment analysis were implemented. RESULTS:Lipids from the clinical panel were not significantly different between diets. Univariate analysis showed that 67 species on the lipidomics panel, predominantly in the triacylglycerol class, were higher after the LGL diet compared to the HGL (FDR < 0.05). Three species with FA 17:0 were lower after LGL diet with enrichment analysis (FDR < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the context of controlled eucaloric diets with similar macronutrient distribution, these results suggest that there are relative shifts in lipid species, but the overall pool does not change. Further studies are needed to better understand in which compartment the different lipid species are transported in blood, and how these shifts are related to health outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00622661.
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