| Literature DB >> 33206816 |
Joana Ferro Machado de Almeida1, Ethel Zimberg Chehter1.
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease pandemic is defining 2020, with almost 17.5 million infected individuals and 700 thousand deaths up to beginning of August. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the transmission is through the respiratory tract. Those infected may be asymptomatic, present typical symptoms (fever, dry cough and dyspnea), gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain) and viral RNA in stools. The objective of this work was to review the literature related to the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and to check the possibility of fecal-oral transmission. We searched PubMed® database on COVID-19 and gastrointestinal tract and selected articles using the PRISMA method. We eliminated articles based on titles and abstracts, small number of patients and the mechanism of infection, leaving 14 studies. Comorbidities and laboratory alterations (elevation of hepatic aminotransferases and bilirubin) were related to worsening of the disease. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms ranged from 6.8% to 61.3%, including diarrhea (8.14% to 33.7%), nausea/vomiting (1.53% to 26.4%), anorexia (12.1% to 40.0%) and abdominal pain (0% to 14.5%). The presence of viral RNA in stools was rarely tested, but positive in 0% to 48.1%. The gastrointestinal tract is affected by COVID-19, causing specific symptoms, laboratory alterations and viral presence in the feces. However, the results of prevalence and possibility of fecal-oral transmission were varied, requiring further studies for more assertive conclusions. It is important that healthcare professionals draw attention to this fact, since these changes can help make diagnosis and initiate early treatment.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2020 PMID: 33206816 PMCID: PMC7647386 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020RW5909
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
Figure 1Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Diagram (PRISMA)
General data of patients with COVID-19 of the nine retrospective studies
| Jin et al.( | Lin et al.( | Pan et al.( | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With GI symptoms | Without GI symptoms | p value | Total | With GI symptoms | Without GI symptoms | p value | Total | With GI symptoms | Without GI symptoms | p value | |
| Patients | 74 | 577 | 95 | 58 | 37 | 204 | 103 | 101 | |||
| Age | 46.14±14.19 | 45.09±14.45 | 0.559 | 43.3±18.3 | 48.0±17.1 | 41.1±19.5 | 0.073 | 52.91±15.98 | 52.21±15.92 | 53.61±16.10 | 0.533 |
| Sex | M: 37/74 (50.0) W: 37/74 (50.0) | M: 294/577 (51) W: 283/577 (49) | M: 0.902 | M: 45/95 (47.4) W: 50/95 (52.6) | M: 27/58 (46.6) W: 31/58 (53.4) | M: 18/37 (48.6) W: 19/37 (51.4) | W: 0.84 | M: 107/204 (52.5) W: 97/204 (47.5) | M: 55/103 (53.4) W: 48/103 (46.6) | M: 52/101 (51.5) W: 49/101 (48.5) | 0.784 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||||||||
| Tobacco use | 3/74 (4.23) | 38/577 (6.59) | 0.610 | 6/95 (6.3) | 5/58 (8.6) | 1/37 (2.7) | 0.40 | ||||
| Alcohol use | 9/95 (9.5) | 6/58 (10.3) | 3/37 (8.1) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Any comorbidity | 25/74 (33.78) | 153/577 (26.52) | 0.212 | ||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | |||||||||||
| Congestive heart failure | |||||||||||
| Arrhythmia | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 12/74 (16.22) | 88/577 (15.25) | 0.864 | 16/95 (16.8) | 10/58 (17.2) | 6/37 (16.2) | 0.90 | ||||
| 7/74 (9.46) | 41/577 (7.11) | 0.477 | 6/95 (6.3) | 3/58 (5.2) | 3/27 (8.1) | 0.67 | |||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 4/95 (4.2) | 3/58 (5.2) | 1/37 (2.7) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Pulmonary disease | 0/74 (0) | 1/577 (0.17) | 1.00 | 5/95 (5.3) | 1/58 (1.7) | 4/37 (10.8) | 0.074 | 9/204 (4.41) | 7/103 (6.80) | 2/101 (1.98) | 0.182 |
| Chronic renal disease | 0/74 (0) | 6/577 (1.04) | 1.00 | 1/95 (1.1) | 1/58 (1.7) | 0/37 (0) | 1.00 | ||||
| Chronic liver disease | 8/74 (10.81) | 17/577 (2.95) | 0.004 | 1/204 (0.97) | |||||||
| Cancer | 0/74 (0) | 6/577 (1.04) | 1.00 | 5/95 (5.3) | 4/58 (6.9) | 1/37 (2.7) | 0.65 | 13/204 (6.37) | 8/103 (7.77) | 5/101 (4.95) | 0.410 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1/74 (1.35) | 4/577 (0.69) | 0.454 | 44/204 (21.57) | 23/103 (22.3) | 21/101 (20.79) | 0.789 | ||||
| Immunossuppression | 0/74 (0) | 1/577 (0.17) | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Viral RNA in feces | 3/9 (33.33) | 0/577 (0) | 31/65 (47.7) | 22/42 (52.4) | 9/23 (39.1) | 0.31 | |||||
| Oxygen supplementation | |||||||||||
| ICU | 5/74 (6.76) | 12/577 (2.08) | 0.034 | 16/204 (7.84) | 6/103 (5.94) | 10/101 (9.90) | 0.279 | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 5/74 (6.76) | 12/577 (2.08) | 0.034 | ||||||||
| Death | 0/95 (0) | 0/58 (0) | 0/37 (0) | 36/204 (17.65) | 19/103 (18.45) | 17/101 (16.83) | 0.762 | ||||
Results expressed as n. mean±standard deviation. n/n total (%).
GI: gastrointestinal; M: men; W: women; BMI: body mass index; ICU: intensive care unit.
Gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with COVID-19 in the nine retrospective studies
| Jin et al.( | Lin et al.( | Pan L et al.( | Wan et al.( | Redd et al.( | Nobel et al.( | Cholankeril et al.( | Zhang et al.( | Zhou et al.( | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | At admission | During hospitalization | Total | With GI symptoms - medical team | With GI symptoms - GI non-medical | ||||||||
| Patients | 651 | 95 | 204 | 230 | 318 | 278 | 116 | 140 | 254 | 23 | 43 | ||
| GIT symptoms | 74/651 (11.4) | 58/95 (61.1) | 11/95 (11.6) | 47/95 (49.5) | 103/204 (50.5) | 49/230 (21) | 195/318 (61.3) | 97/278 (35) | 37 (31.9) | 55/139 (39.6) | 66/254 (26.0) | 23/23 (100) | 43/43 (100) |
| Diarrhea | 53/651 (8.14) | 23/95 (24.2) | 5/95 (5.3) | 18/95 (18.9) | 35/103 (33.98) | 49/230 (21) | 107/318 (33.7) | 56/278 (20) | 12 (10.3) | 18/139 (12.9) | 46/254 (18.1) | 19/23 (86.6) | 27/43 (62.8) |
| N/V | N: 10/651 (1.53) | N: 17/95 (17.9) | N: 3/95 (3.2) | N: 14/95 (14.7) | V: 4/103 (3.88) | N: 84/318 (26.4) | 63/278 (23) | 12 (10.3) | N: 24/139 (17.3) | N: 21/254 (8.3) | N: 5/23 (21.7) | N: 16/43 (37.2) | |
| V: 11/651 (1.69) | V: 4/95 (4.2) | V: 0/95 (0) | V: 4/95 (4.2) | V: 49/318 (15.4) | V: 7/139 (5.0) | V: 15/254 (5.9) | V: 1/23 (4.3) | V: 14/43 (32.6) | |||||
| Anorexia | 17/95 (17.9) | 5/95 (5.3) | 12/95 (12.6) | 81/103 (78.64) | 110/318 (34.8) | 22 (25.3) | 17/139 (12.1) | ||||||
| Abdominal pain | 2/95 (2.1) | 0/95 (0) | 2/95 (2.1) | 2/103 (1.94) | 3/230 (1) | 46/318 (14.5) | 10 (8.8) | 8/139 (5.8) | 3/254 (1.2) | 0/23 (0) | 3/43 (7.0) | ||
| Weight loss | 30/318 (9.4) | ||||||||||||
| Melena | 10/230 (4) | 2/318 (0.63) | |||||||||||
| Reflux | 2/95 (2.1) | 1/95 (1.1) | 1/95 (1.1) | 2/318 (0.63) | |||||||||
| Dysphagia | 1/318 (0.31) | ||||||||||||
| Odynophagia | 1/318 (0.31) | ||||||||||||
| Hematochezia/UGIB | 2/95 (2.1) | 0/95 (0) | 2/95 (2.1) | 1/318 (0.31) | |||||||||
| Constipation | 3/318 (0.94) | ||||||||||||
Results expressed as n or n/n total (%).
GI: gastrointestinal; GIT: gastrointestinal tract; N: nausea; V: vomiting; UGIB: upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Typical and gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with COVID-19 in the meta-analyses
| Sultan et al.( | Cheung et al.( | Cheung et al.( | Cao et al.( | Li et al.( | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 10,890 | 4,243 | 59 | 46,959 | 1,994 |
| Age | 45.1 (IQR: 41.0-54.8) | 58.5 (IQR: 43.5-68.0; range: 22-96) | 46.62 (95%CI: 31.710-61.531) | ||
| Sex | M: 57.3 | M: 27/59 (45.8) | M: 55.6 (95%CI: 0.530-0.602) | M: 60 (95%CI: 0.54-0.65) | |
| Comorbidities | 35.6 (95%CI: 0.267-0.444) | ||||
| GI symptoms | Total: 17.6 (95%CI: 12.3-24.5) | 15/59 (25,4) | 6.8 (95%CI: 0.044-0.092) | ||
| 60 studies and 4,243 patients | |||||
| China: 16.1 (95%CI: 10.9-23.0) | |||||
| 53 studies and 4,198 patients | |||||
| Other countries: 33.4 (95%CI: 15.2-58.3) | |||||
| 7 studies and 45 patients | |||||
| Anorexia | 26.8 (95%CI: 16.2-40.8) | ||||
| 18 studies | |||||
| Nausea/vomiting | Total: 7.8 (7.1-8.5) | 10.2 (95%CI: 6.6-15.3) | 1/59 (1,7) | 3.90 | |
| 26 studies and 5,955 patients | 32 studies | ||||
| China: 5.2 (4.4-5.9) | |||||
| 19 studies and 4,054 patients | |||||
| Other countries: 14.9 (13.3-16.6) | |||||
| 7 studies and 1,901 patients | |||||
| Diarrhea | Total: 7.7 (7.2-8.2) | 12.5 (95%CI: 9.6-16.0) | 13/59 (22.0) | 6.8 (95%CI: 0.044-0.092) | 4.80 |
| 43 studies and 10,676 patients | |||||
| China: 5.8 (5.3-6.4) | |||||
| 32 studies and 8,612 patients | |||||
| Other countries: 18.3 (16.6-20.1) | |||||
| 11 studies and 2,064 patients | |||||
| Abdominal pain | Total: 3.6 (3.0-4.3) | 9.2 (95%CI: 5.7-14.5) | 7/59 (11.9) | ||
| 15 studies and 4,031 patients | 12 studies | ||||
| China: 2.7 (2.0-3.4) | |||||
| 10 studies and 2,447 patients | |||||
| Other countries: 5.3 (4.2-6.6) | |||||
| 5 studies and 1,584 patients | |||||
| PCR in feces | 15/50 (30) | 48.1% (95%CI: 38.33-57.94) | 9/59 (15.3) | ||
| 7/10 (70) | 12 studies and 138 patients | ||||
| 44/153 (29) | |||||
| Fever | 56/59 (94.9) | 87.3 (95%CI: 0.838-0.909) | 88.50 | ||
| Dry cough | 22/59 (37.3) | 58.1 (95%CI: 0.502-0.660) | 68.60 | ||
| Sore throat | 12.0 (95%CI: 0.062-0.177) | ||||
| Productive cough | 29.4 (95%CI: 0.171-0.417) | 28.20 | |||
| Chest pain | 31.2 (95%CI: −0.024-0.648) | ||||
| Myalgia or fatigue | 35.5 (95%CI: 0.253-0.456) | 35.80 | |||
| Headache or dizziness | 9.4 (95%CI: 0.063-0.126) | 12.20 | |||
| Dyspnea | 4/59 (6.8) | 38.2 (95%CI: 0.246-0.520) | 21.90 |
IQR: interquartile range; CI: confidence interval; M: men; GI: gastrointestinal.
Typical symptoms of patients with COVID-19 in the nine retrospective studies
| Symptoms | Jin et al.( | Lin et al.( | Pan et al.( | Wan et al.( | Redd et al.( | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With GI symptoms | Without GI symptoms | p value | Total | Total | With GI symptoms | Without GI symptoms | Total | Total | With GI symptoms | Without GI symptoms | p value | |
| Patients | 74 | 577 | 95 | 204 | 103 | 101 | 230 | 318 | 195 | 123 | ||
| Fever | 63/74 (85.14) >38.5°C: 29/74 (39.19) | 482/577 (83.54) >38.5°C: 101/577 (17.50) | 0.867 >38.5°C: <0.001 | Yes | 95/103 (92.23) | 193/230 (84) | 258/318 (81.3) | 161/195 (82.6) | 97/123 (78.9) | 0.41 | ||
| Fatigue | 23/74 (31.08) | 96/577 (16.64) | 0.004 | 54/103 (52.42) | 43 (19) | 183/318 (57.5) | 127/195 (65.1) | 56/123 (45.5) | 0.0006 | |||
| Myalgia | 10/74 (13.51) | 61/577 (10.57) | 0.430 | 15/103 (14.56) | 123/318 (38.7) | 96/195 (49.2) | 27/123 (22.0) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Chills | 72/318 (22.6) | 50/195 (25.6) | 22/123 (17.9) | 0.11 | ||||||||
| Diaphoresis | 15/318 (4.7) | 12/195 (6.2) | 3/123 (2.4) | 0.13 | ||||||||
| Arthralgia | 8/318 (2.5) | 4/195 (2.1) | 4/123 (3.3) | 0.51 | ||||||||
| Dry cough | 53/74 (71.62) | 382/577 (66.20) | 0.431 | 159/230 (69) | 247/318 (77.7) | 156/195 (80.0) | 91/123 (74.0) | 0.21 | ||||
| Productive cough | 29/74 (39.19) | 198/577 (34.32) | 0.438 | 98/230 (43) | 45/318 (14.2) | 33/195 (16.9) | 12/123 (9.8) | 0.74 | ||||
| Dyspnea | 8/74 (10.81) | 19/577 (3.30) | 0.007 | 30 (13) | 191/318 (60.1) | 107/195 (54.9) | 84/123 (68.3) | 0.02 | ||||
| Sore throat | 6/74 (8.11) | 93/577 (16.12) | 0.085 | 54/318 (17.0) | 42/195 (21.5) | 12/123 (9.8) | 0.0064 | |||||
| Rhinorrhea | 36/318 (11.4) | 26/195 (13.4) | 10/123 (8.1) | 0.15 | ||||||||
| Nasal obstruction | 2/74 (2.70) | 35/577 (6.07) | 0.419 | |||||||||
| Dizziness | ||||||||||||
| Anosmia | 32/318 (10.1) | 26/195 (13.3) | 6/123 (4.9) | 0.0146 | ||||||||
| Ageusia | 24/318 (7.6) | 21/195 (10.9) | 3/123 (2.4) | 0.0057 | ||||||||
| Headache | 16/74 (21.62) | 51/577 (8.84) | 0.002 | 19 (8) | ||||||||
| Hemoptysis | 3/74 (4.05) | 8/577 (1.39) | 0.119 | 3 (1) | ||||||||
| Patients | 278 | 116 | 140 | 254 | 93 | 23 | 70 | 161 | 43 | 118 | ||
| Fever | 76.70 | 110/120 (91.7) | 213/254 (83.9) | 80/93 (86) | 19/23 (83) | 61/70 (87) | 0.729 | 133/161 (82) | 39/43 (91) | 94/118 (80) | 0.157 | |
| Fatigue | 90/120 (75.0) | 133/254 (52.4) | 52/93 (56.) | 12/23 (52) | 40/70 (57) | 0.809 | 81/161 (50) | 29/43 (67) | 52/118 (44) | 0.012 | ||
| Myalgia | 52.50 | 86/254 (33.9) | 41/93 (44.) | 10/23 (44) | 31/70 (44) | 1 | 45/161 (28) | 17/43 (40) | 28/118 (24) | 0.073 | ||
| Chills | ||||||||||||
| Diaphoresis | ||||||||||||
| Arthralgia | ||||||||||||
| Dry cough | 94.8 | 90/120 (75.0) | 98/254 (38.6) | 41/93 (44) | 7/23 (30) | 34/70 (49) | 0.152 | 57/161 (35) | 14/43 (33) | 43/118 (36) | 0.712 | |
| Productive cough | 107/254 (42.1) | 31/93 (33) | 6/23 (26) | 25/70 (36) | 0.454 | 76/161 (47) | 17/43 (40) | 59/118 (50) | 0.286 | |||
| Dyspnea | 58 | 44/120 (36.7) | 10/254 (3.9) | 2/93 (2.1) | 1/23 (4) | 1/70 (1) | 0.435 | 8/161 (5.0) | 2/43 (5) | 6/118 (5) | 1.00 | |
| Sore throat | 16/254 (6.3) | 6/93 (6.4) | 0/23 (0) | 6/70 (9) | 0.33 | 10/161 (6.2) | 6/43 (14) | 4/118 (3) | 0.023 | |||
| Rhinorrhea | ||||||||||||
| Nasal obstruction | ||||||||||||
| Dizziness | 18/254 (7.1) | 10/93 (11) | 4/23 (17) | 6/70 (9) | 0.256 | 8/161 (5.0) | 5/43 (12) | 3/118 (3) | 0.032 | |||
| Anosmia | ||||||||||||
| Ageusia | ||||||||||||
| Headache | ||||||||||||
| Hemoptysis | ||||||||||||
Results expressed as n, mean±standard deviation, n/n total (%).
GI: gastrointestinal.
Figura 1Diagrama Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
Dados gerais dos pacientes com COVID-19 dos nove estudos retrospectivos
| Jin et al.( | Lin et al.( | Pan et al.( | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Com sintomas GI | Sem sintomas GI | Valor de p | Total | Com sintomas GI | Sem sintomas GI | Valor de p | Total | Com sintomas GI | Sem sintomas GI | Valor de p | |
| Pacientes | 74 | 577 | 95 | 58 | 37 | 204 | 103 | 101 | |||
| Idade | 46,14±14,19 | 45,09±14,45 | 0,559 | 43,3±18,3 | 48,0±17,1 | 41,1±19,5 | 0,073 | 52,91±15,98 | 52,21±15,92 | 53,61±16,10 | 0,533 |
| Sexo | H: 37/74 (50,0) M: 37/74 (50,0) | H: 294/577 (51) M: 283/577 (49) | H: 0,902 | H: 45/95 (47,4) M: 50/95 (52,6) | H: 27/58 (46,6) M: 31/58 (53,4) | H: 18/37 (48,6) M: 19/37 (51,4) | M: 0,84 | H: 107/204 (52,5) M: 97/204 (47,5) | H: 55/103 (53,4) M: 48/103 (46,6) | H: 52/101 (51,5) M: 49/101 (48,5) | 0,784 |
| IMC, kg/m2 | |||||||||||
| Tabaco | 3/74 (4,23) | 38/577 (6,59) | 0,610 | 6/95 (6,3) | 5/58 (8,6) | 1/37 (2,7) | 0,40 | ||||
| Álcool | 9/95 (9,5) | 6/58 (10,3) | 3/37 (8,1) | 1,00 | |||||||
| Alguma comorbidade | 25/74 (33,78) | 153/577 (26,52) | 0,212 | ||||||||
| Doença coronariana | |||||||||||
| Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva | |||||||||||
| Arritmia | |||||||||||
| Hipertensão | 12/74 (16,22) | 88/577 (15,25) | 0,864 | 16/95 (16,8) | 10/58 (17,2) | 6/37 (16,2) | 0,90 | ||||
| 7/74 (9,46) | 41/577 (7,11) | 0,477 | 6/95 (6,3) | 3/58 (5,2) | 3/27 (8,1) | 0,67 | |||||
| Doença cerebrovascular | 4/95 (4,2) | 3/58 (5,2) | 1/37 (2,7) | 1,00 | |||||||
| Doença pulmonar | 0/74 (0) | 1/577 (0,17) | 1,00 | 5/95 (5,3) | 1/58 (1,7) | 4/37 (10,8) | 0,074 | 9/204 (4,41) | 7/103 (6,80) | 2/101 (1,98) | 0,182 |
| Doença renal crônica | 0/74 (0) | 6/577 (1,04) | 1,00 | 1/95 (1,1) | 1/58 (1,7) | 0/37 (0) | 1,00 | ||||
| Doença hepática crônica | 8/74 (10,81) | 17/577 (2,95) | 0,004 | 1/204 (0,97) | |||||||
| Câncer | 0/74 (0) | 6/577 (1,04) | 1,00 | 5/95 (5,3) | 4/58 (6,9) | 1/37 (2,7) | 0,65 | 13/204 (6,37) | 8/103 (7,77) | 5/101 (4,95) | 0,410 |
| Doença cardiovascular | 1/74 (1,35) | 4/577 (0,69) | 0,454 | 44/204 (21,57) | 23/103 (22,3) | 21/101 (20,79) | 0,789 | ||||
| Imunossupressão | 0/74 (0) | 1/577 (0,17) | 1,00 | ||||||||
| RNA viral nas fezes | 3/9 (33,33) | 0/577 (0) | 31/65 (47,7) | 22/42 (52,4) | 9/23 (39,1) | 0,31 | |||||
| Suplementação de oxigênio | |||||||||||
| UTI | 5/74 (6,76) | 12/577 (2,08) | 0,034 | 16/204 (7,84) | 6/103 (5,94) | 10/101 (9,90) | 0,279 | ||||
| Ventilação mecânica | 5/74 (6,76) | 12/577 (2,08) | 0,034 | ||||||||
| Morte | 0/95 (0) | 0/58 (0) | 0/37 (0) | 36/204 (17,65) | 19/103 (18,45) | 17/101 (16,83) | 0,762 | ||||
Resultados expressos como n, média±desvio padrão, n/n total (%).
GI: gastrintestinal; H: homens; M: mulheres; IMC: índice de massa corporal; UTI: unidade de terapia intensiva.
Sintomas gastrintestinais dos pacientes com COVID-19 dos nove estudos retrospectivos
| Jin et al.( | Lin et al.( | Pan L et al.( | Wan et al.( | Redd et al.( | Nobel et al.( | Cholankeril et al.( | Zhang et al.( | Zhou et al.( | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Admissão | Durante hospitalização | Total | Com sintomas GI equipe médica | Com sintomas GI não médicos | ||||||||
| Pacientes | 651 | 95 | 204 | 230 | 318 | 278 | 116 | 140 | 254 | 23 | 43 | ||
| Sintomas TGI | 74/651 (11,4) | 58/95 (61,1) | 11/95 (11,6) | 47/95 (49,5) | 103/204 (50,5) | 49/230 (21) | 195/318 (61,3) | 97/278 (35) | 37 (31,9) | 55/139 (39,6) | 66/254 (26,0) | 23/23 (100) | 43/43 (100) |
| Diarreia | 53/651 (8,14) | 23/95 (24,2) | 5/95 (5,3) | 18/95 (18,9) | 35/103 (33,98) | 49/230 (21) | 107/318 (33,7) | 56/278 (20) | 12 (10,3) | 18/139 (12,9) | 46/254 (18,1) | 19/23 (86,6) | 27/43 (62,8) |
| N/V | N: 10/651 (1,53) | N: 17/95 (17,9) | N: 3/95 (3,2) | N: 14/95 (14,7) | V: 4/103 (3,88) | N: 84/318 (26,4) | 63/278 (23) | 12 (10,3) | N: 24/139 (17,3) | N: 21/254 (8,3) | N: 5/23 (21,7) | N: 16/43 (37,2) | |
| V: 11/651 (1,69) | V: 4/95 (4,2) | V: 0/95 (0) | V: 4/95 (4,2) | V: 49/318 (15,4) | V: 7/139 (5,0) | V: 15/254 (5,9) | V: 1/23 (4,3) | V: 14/43 (32,6) | |||||
| Anorexia | 17/95 (17,9) | 5/95 (5,3) | 12/95 (12,6) | 81/103 (78,64) | 110/318 (34,8) | 22 (25,3) | 17/139 (12,1) | ||||||
| Dor abdominal | 2/95 (2,1) | 0/95 (0) | 2/95 (2,1) | 2/103 (1,94) | 3/230 (1) | 46/318 (14,5) | 10 (8,8) | 8/139 (5,8) | 3/254 (1,2) | 0/23 (0) | 3/43 (7,0) | ||
| Perda de peso | 30/318 (9,4) | ||||||||||||
| Melena | 10/230 (4) | 2/318 (0,63) | |||||||||||
| Refluxo | 2/95 (2,1) | 1/95 (1,1) | 1/95 (1,1) | 2/318 (0,63) | |||||||||
| Disfagia | 1/318 (0,31) | ||||||||||||
| Odinofagia | 1/318 (0,31) | ||||||||||||
| Hematoquezia/HDA | 2/95 (2,1) | 0/95 (0) | 2/95 (2,1) | 1/318 (0,31) | |||||||||
| Constipação | 3/318 (0,94) | ||||||||||||
Resultados expressos como n ou n/n total (%).
GI: gastrintestinal; TGI: trato gastrintestinal; N: náusea; V: vômito; HDA: hemorragia digestiva alta.
Sintomas típicos e gastrintestinais dos pacientes com COVID-19 das metanálises
| Sultan et al.( | Cheung et al.( | Cheung et al.( | Cao et al.( | Li et al.( | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pacientes | 10.890 | 4.243 | 59 | 46.959 | 1.994 |
| Idade | 45,1 (IIQ: 41,0-54,8) | 58,5 (IIQ: 43,5-68,0; range: 22-96) | 46,62 (IC95%: 31,710-61,531) | ||
| Sexo | H: 57,3 | H: 27/59 (45,8) | H: 55,6 (IC95%: 0,530-0,602) | H: 60 (IC95%: 0,54-0,65) | |
| Comorbidades | 35,6 (IC95%: 0,267-0,444) | ||||
| Sintomas GI | Total: 17,6 (IC95%: 12,3-24,5) | 15/59 (25,4) | 6,8 (IC95%: 0,044-0,092) | ||
| 60 estudos e 4.243 pacientes | |||||
| China: 16,1 (IC95%: 10,9-23,0) | |||||
| 53 estudos e 4.198 pacientes | |||||
| Outros países: 33,4 (IC95%: 15,2-58,3) | |||||
| 7 estudos e 45 pacientes | |||||
| Anorexia | 26,8 (IC95%: 16,2-40,8) | ||||
| Náusea/vômito | Total: 7,8 (7,1-8,5) | 10,2 (IC95%: 6,6-15,3) | 1/59 (1,7) | 3,90 | |
| 26 estudos e 5.955 pacientes | 32 estudos | ||||
| China: 5,2 (4,4-5,9) | |||||
| 19 estudos e 4.054 pacientes | |||||
| Outros países: 14,9 (13,3-16,6) | |||||
| 7 estudos e 1.901 pacientes | |||||
| Diarreia | Total: 7,7 (7,2-8,2) | 12,5 (IC95%: 9,6-16,0) | 13/59 (22,0) | 6,8 (IC95%: 0,044-0,092) | 4,80 |
| 43 estudos e 10.676 pacientes | |||||
| China: 5,8 (5,3-6,4) | |||||
| 32 estudos e 8.612 pacientes | |||||
| Outros países: 18,3 (16,6-20,1) | |||||
| 11 estudos e 2.064 pacientes | |||||
| Dor abdominal | Total: 3,6 (3,0-4,3) | 9,2 (IC95%: 5,7-14,5) | 7/59 (11,9) | ||
| 15 estudos e 4.031 pacientes | 12 estudos | ||||
| China: 2,7 (2,0-3,4) | |||||
| 10 estudos e 2.447 pacientes | |||||
| Outros países: 5,3 (4,2-6,6) | |||||
| 5 estudos e 1.584 pacientes | |||||
| PCR fezes | 15/50 (30) | 48,1% (IC95%: 38,33-57,94) | 9/59 (15,3) | ||
| 7/10 (70) | 12 estudos e 138 pacientes | ||||
| 44/153 (29) | |||||
| Febre | 56/59 (94,9) | 87,3 (IC95%: 0,838-0,909) | 88,50 | ||
| Tosse seca | 22/59 (37,3) | 58,1 (IC95%: 0,502-0,660) | 68,60 | ||
| Dor de garganta | 12,0 (IC95%: 0,062-0,177) | ||||
| Tosse produtiva | 29,4 (IC95%: 0,171-0,417) | 28,20 | |||
| Dor no peito | 31,2 (IC95%: −0,024-0,648) | ||||
| Mialgia ou fadiga | 35,5 (IC95%: 0,253-0,456) | 35,80 | |||
| Cefaleia ou tontura | 9,4 (IC95%: 0,063-0,126) | 12,20 | |||
| Dispneia | 4/59 (6,8) | 38,2 (IC95%: 0,246-0,520) | 21,90 |
IIQ: intervalo interquartil; IC: intervalo de confiança; H: homens; GI: gastrintestinal.
Sintomas típicos dos pacientes com COVID-19 dos nove estudos retrospectivos
| Sintomas | Jin et al.( | Lin et al.( | Pan et al.( | Wan et al.( | Redd et al.( | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Com sintomas GI | Sem sintomas GI | Valor de p | Total | Total | Com sintomas GI | Sem sintomas GI | Total | Total | Com sintomas GI | Sem sintomas GI | Valor de p | |
| Pacientes | 74 | 577 | 95 | 204 | 103 | 101 | 230 | 318 | 195 | 123 | ||
| Febre | 63/74 (85,14) >38,5°C: 29/74 (39,19) | 482/577 (83,54) >38,5°C: 101/577 (17,50) | 0,867 >38,5°C: <0,001 | Sim | 95/103 (92,23) | 193/230 (84) | 258/318 (81,3) | 161/195 (82,6) | 97/123 (78,9) | 0,41 | ||
| Fadiga | 23/74 (31,08) | 96/577 (16,64) | 0,004 | 54/103 (52,42) | 43 (19) | 183/318 (57,5) | 127/195 (65,1) | 56/123 (45,5) | 0,0006 | |||
| Mialgia | 10/74 (13,51) | 61/577 (10,57) | 0,430 | 15/103 (14,56) | 123/318 (38,7) | 96/195 (49,2) | 27/123 (22,0) | <0,0001 | ||||
| Calafrios | 72/318 (22,6) | 50/195 (25,6) | 22/123 (17,9) | 0,11 | ||||||||
| Diaforese | 15/318 (4,7) | 12/195 (6,2) | 3/123 (2,4) | 0,13 | ||||||||
| Artralgia | 8/318 (2,5) | 4/195 (2,1) | 4/123 (3.3) | 0,51 | ||||||||
| Tosse seca | 53/74 (71,62) | 382/577 (66,20) | 0,431 | 159/230 (69) | 247/318 (77,7) | 156/195 (80,0) | 91/123 (74,0) | 0,21 | ||||
| Tosse produtiva | 29/74 (39,19) | 198/577 (34,32) | 0,438 | 98/230 (43) | 45/318 (14,2) | 33/195 (16,9) | 12/123 (9,8) | 0,74 | ||||
| Dispneia | 8/74 (10,81) | 19/577 (3,30) | 0,007 | 30 (13) | 191/318 (60,1) | 107/195 (54,9) | 84/123 (68,3) | 0,02 | ||||
| Dor de garganta | 6/74 (8,11) | 93/577 (16,12) | 0,085 | 54/318 (17,0) | 42/195 (21,5) | 12/123 (9,8) | 0,0064 | |||||
| Rinorreia | 36/318 (11,4) | 26/195 (13,4) | 10/123 (8,1) | 0,15 | ||||||||
| Obstrução nasal | 2/74 (2,70) | 35/577 (6,07) | 0,419 | |||||||||
| Tontura | ||||||||||||
| Anosmia | 32/318 (10,1) | 26/195 (13,3) | 6/123 (4,9) | 0,0146 | ||||||||
| Ageusia | 24/318 (7,6) | 21/195 (10,9) | 3/123 (2,4) | 0,0057 | ||||||||
| Cefaleia | 16/74 (21,62) | 51/577 (8,84) | 0,002 | 19 (8) | ||||||||
| Hemoptise | 3/74 (4,05) | 8/577 (1,39) | 0,119 | 3 (1) | ||||||||
| Pacientes | 278 | 116 | 140 | 254 | 93 | 23 | 70 | 161 | 43 | 118 | ||
| Febre | 76,70 | 110/120 (91,7) | 213/254 (83,9) | 80/93 (86) | 19/23 (83) | 61/70 (87) | 0,729 | 133/161 (82) | 39/43 (91) | 94/118 (80) | 0,157 | |
| Fadiga | 90/120 (75,0) | 133/254 (52,4) | 52/93 (56,) | 12/23 (52) | 40/70 (57) | 0,809 | 81/161 (50) | 29/43 (67) | 52/118 (44) | 0,012 | ||
| Mialgia | 52,50 | 86/254 (33,9) | 41/93 (44,) | 10/23 (44) | 31/70 (44) | 1 | 45/161 (28) | 17/43 (40) | 28/118 (24) | 0.073 | ||
| Calafrios | ||||||||||||
| Diaforese | ||||||||||||
| Artralgia | ||||||||||||
| Tosse seca | 94,8 | 90/120 (75,0) | 98/254 (38,6) | 41/93 (44) | 7/23 (30) | 34/70 (49) | 0,152 | 57/161 (35) | 14/43 (33) | 43/118 (36) | 0,712 | |
| Tosse produtiva | 107/254 (42,1) | 31/93 (33) | 6/23 (26) | 25/70 (36) | 0,454 | 76/161 (47) | 17/43 (40) | 59/118 (50) | 0,286 | |||
| Dispneia | 58 | 44/120 (36,7) | 10/254 (3,9) | 2/93 (2,1) | 1/23 (4) | 1/70 (1) | 0,435 | 8/161 (5,0) | 2/43 (5) | 6/118 (5) | 1,00 | |
| Dor de garganta | 16/254 (6,3) | 6/93 (6,4) | 0/23 (0) | 6/70 (9) | 0,33 | 10/161 (6,2) | 6/43 (14) | 4/118 (3) | 0,023 | |||
| Rinorreia | ||||||||||||
| Obstrução nasal | ||||||||||||
| Tontura | 18/254 (7,1) | 10/93 (11) | 4/23 (17) | 6/70 (9) | 0,256 | 8/161 (5,0) | 5/43 (12) | 3/118 (3) | 0,032 | |||
| Anosmia | ||||||||||||
| Ageusia | ||||||||||||
| Cefaleia | ||||||||||||
| Hemoptise | ||||||||||||
Resultados expressos como n, média±desvio padrão, n/n total (%).
GI: gastrintestinal.