Giovanni William Oliverio1, Ida Ceravolo2, Ahsan Bhatti3, Costantino John Trombetta2. 1. Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy. g.w89@me.com. 2. Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy. 3. Glangwili General Hospital Carmarthen, Carmarthen, SA31 2AF, Wales, UK.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To analyze the early macular microvascular alterations in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR), using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), and compare these with nondiabetic patients. METHODS: This prospective study involved 93 patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1), 104 patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) without signs of DR, and 71 healthy subjects for the control group. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and the vessel density (VD) at the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were evaluated. RESULTS: The SCP and DCP FAZ areas were significantly larger in the DM1 group in comparison with the controls (p = .001), while no significant differences were observed between the DM2 group and the healthy control group (p = .12). Additionally, no significant differences in FAZ area were found between the DM1 and DM2 groups (p = .26). The VD was significantly reduced in DM1 and DM2 groups compared to controls. A direct correlation was found between the duration of diabetes and SCP FAZ area (r = 0.44; R2 = 0.19; p = .0001). Statistically significant differences in the FAZ area at SCP and DCP were observed when comparing patients with a diabetes duration > 10 years and < 10 years in the DM2 group (p = .0001, respectively) and only in the FAZ area at the DCP in the DM1 group (p = .0001). CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients without DR demonstrate early microvascular alteration in the macular area on OCT-A, which is more pronounced in type I DM, and correlates with the duration of the disease.
PURPOSE: To analyze the early macular microvascular alterations in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR), using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), and compare these with nondiabetic patients. METHODS: This prospective study involved 93 patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1), 104 patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) without signs of DR, and 71 healthy subjects for the control group. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and the vessel density (VD) at the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were evaluated. RESULTS: The SCP and DCP FAZ areas were significantly larger in the DM1 group in comparison with the controls (p = .001), while no significant differences were observed between the DM2 group and the healthy control group (p = .12). Additionally, no significant differences in FAZ area were found between the DM1 and DM2 groups (p = .26). The VD was significantly reduced in DM1 and DM2 groups compared to controls. A direct correlation was found between the duration of diabetes and SCP FAZ area (r = 0.44; R2 = 0.19; p = .0001). Statistically significant differences in the FAZ area at SCP and DCP were observed when comparing patients with a diabetes duration > 10 years and < 10 years in the DM2 group (p = .0001, respectively) and only in the FAZ area at the DCP in the DM1 group (p = .0001). CONCLUSION:Diabeticpatients without DR demonstrate early microvascular alteration in the macular area on OCT-A, which is more pronounced in type I DM, and correlates with the duration of the disease.
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