| Literature DB >> 33144889 |
B Salzberger1, F Buder1, B T Lampl2, B Ehrenstein3, F Hitzenbichler1, T Holzmann1, B Schmidt4, F Hanses1.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a beta coronavirus, which first appeared in 2019 and rapidly spread causing a worldwide pandemic. Here we present a nonsystematic review of the current knowledge on its epidemiological features. The SARS-CoV‑2 replicates mainly in the upper and lower respiratory tract and is mainly transmitted by droplets and aerosols from asymptomatic and symptomatic infected subjects. The estimate for the basic reproduction number (R0) is between 2 and 3 and the median incubation period is 6 days (range 2-14 days). Similar to the related coronaviruses SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), superspreading events play an important role in spreading the disease. The majority of infections run an uncomplicated course but 5-10% of those infected develop pneumonia or a systemic inflammation leading to hospitalization, respiratory and potentially multiorgan failure. The most important risk factors for a complicated disease course are age, hypertension, diabetes, chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and immunodeficiency. The current infection fatality rate over all age groups is between 0.5% and 1% and the rate rises after the sixth decade of life. Nosocomial transmission and infections in medical personnel have been reported. A drastic reduction of social contacts has been implemented in many countries with outbreaks of SARS-CoV‑2, leading to rapid reductions in R0. Most interventions have used bundles and which of the measures have been more effective is still unknown. Using mathematical models an incidence of 0.4%-1.8% can be estimated for the first wave in Germany. © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020.Entities:
Keywords: Basic reproduction number; Incidence; Incubation period; Mortality; Pandemic
Year: 2020 PMID: 33144889 PMCID: PMC7594942 DOI: 10.1007/s11377-020-00479-y
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Gastroenterologe ISSN: 1861-9681
| Parameter | Wert |
|---|---|
| Basisreproduktionszahl R0 | 2–3 (Konsensus), Spannbreite: 1,7–14,8 |
| Dispersionszahl (kappa) | 0,1 (0,05–0,2) |
| Inkubationszeit | Median: 5,7 Tage, 99 % der Infektionen zwischen 2 und 14 Tagen |


| Altersgruppe | Altersabhängige Mortalität (CFR) in % | Modelle altersabhängige Mortalität für alle Infektionen (IFR) in % | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italien | Deutschland | Spanien | Südkoreaa | Modell Indiana, USA [ | Modell ENE, Spanien [ | Modell Imperial College London [ | Modell Frankreich [ | |
| 0–9 | 0,1 | 0,01 | 0,3 | 0 | <0,01 | 0,0016 | 0,001 | |
| 10–19 | 0 | 0,01 | 0,1 | 0 | 0,01 | <0,01 | 0,0069 | 0,001 |
| 20–29 | 0,1 | 0,03 | 0,3 | 0 | 0,01 | 0,01 | 0,031 | 0,005 |
| 30–39 | 0,3 | 0,07 | 0,3 | 0,1 | 0,01 | 0,025 | 0,084 | 0,02 |
| 40–49 | 0,9 | 0,2 | 0,6 | 0,2 | 0,12 | 0,07 | 0,16 | 0,05 |
| 50–59 | 2,7 | 0,8 | 1,5 | 0,5 | 0,12 | 0,29 | 0,59 | 0,2 |
| 60–69 | 10,8 | 4,0 | 5,2 | 1,4 | 0,12 | 1,15 | 1,93 | 0,7 |
| 70–79 | 26,6 | 13,5 | 14,6 | 6,7 | 0,12 | 3,38 | 4,28 | 1,9 |
| 80+ | 34,6 | 26,4 | 21,8 | 21,0 | ? | 8,12 | 7,8 | 8,3 |
| Gesamt | 13,8 | 3,8 | 8,2 | 1,6 | 0,26** | 0,83 | 0,657 | 0,5** |
aberechnet als CFR, aufgrund der intensiven epidemiologischen Nachverfolgung nahezu vollständig und Modell für IFR
bAusschluss von Heimbewohnern und anders institutionalisierten Personen
n. d. nicht definiert

| Land | China (nur Hubei) | Spanien | Italien | Deutschland |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | 4 % | 5,4 % | 2,5 % | n. d. |
| Regional (Beispiele) | Hubei 4 % Hongkong 0 % | Madrid 11,5 % Barcelona 6,8 % Balearen 1,1 % Asturien 1,4 % | Lombardei 7,5 % Piemont 3,0 % Toskana 1,0 % Sizilien 0,3 % | Kupferzell 6 % Gangelt 15,5 % |
| Gemeldet (8/2020) | 68.053 | 250.273 | 260.307 | 233.776 |
| Fallzahl – untere Grenze | 0,19 Mio. | 0,74 Mio. | 0,96 Mio. | 0,34 Mio. |
| Fallzahl – obere Grenze | 0,96 Mio. | 3,18 Mio. | 4,46 Mio. | 1,48 Mio. |
| Befallsrate (Min.–Max.) | 0,33–1,68 % | 1,57–6,78 % | 1,51–7,39 % | 0,42–1,80 % |
IFR „infection fatality rate“